Transformaciones Espacio-temporales Inducidas por las TIC en la Experiencia Turística, Reflexiones Desde el Construccionismo Social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/2238-2925.2017.v7.3163Keywords:
Transformación de la experiencia turística, TIC, construccionismo social.Abstract
El objetivo del presente documento es plantear algunas reflexiones, con fundamento teórico socioconstruccionista, respecto al impacto que el uso intensivo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación -TIC- tienen en la experiencia turística, la cual se concibe como una construcción social a escala interpersonal, relacional, a partir de la interacción entre turistas y anfitriones.El orden de las reflexiones se desarrolla en orden de silogismo clásico, con dos premisas de partida y una conclusión: 1) La experiencia humana se ha transformado con el uso intensivo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, 2) La experiencia turística es una clase particular de experiencia humana, 3) La experiencia turística se ha transformado a partir del uso intensivo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación.
Se agregó una introducción con el fin de contextualizar las reflexiones y se desarrolló un apartado de reflexiones finales, con la finalidad de esbozar algunas líneas futuras de análisis y que pueden dar pie a futura investigación.Downloads
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References
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Boorstin, D. J. (1964). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America: Daniel J. Boorstin: New York, USA.: Vintage.
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Buhalis, D., y O’Connor, P. (2005). Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 7–16.
Capellano dos Santos, M. M., y Araújo Perazzolo, O. (2012). Hospitalidade numa perspectiva coletiva : O corpo coletivo acolhedor. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa Em Turismo, 6(1), 3–15.
CISCO. (2015). The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis. Cisco, (May 2015), 1–29.
CISCO. (2016). Collaboration in the Age of Hyper-Connectivity - Cisco. CISCO India. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/c/en_in/about/thought-leadership/coll-age-hyper-connectivity.html
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Dickinson, J. E., Ghali, K., Cherrett, T., Speed, C., Davies, N., y Norgate, S. (2014). Tourism and the smartphone app: capabilities, emerging practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.718323
Egger, R. (2010). Theorizing Web 2.0 Phenomena in Tourism: A Sociological Signpost. Information Technology y Tourism, 12(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830510X12887971002666
Elands, B. H. M., y Lengkeek, J. (2012). The tourist experience of out-there-ness: Theory and empirical research. Forest Policy and Economics, 19, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.11.004
Gelter, H. (2010). Total experience management – a conceptual model for transformational experiences within tourism. In The Nordic Conference on Experience 2008. Research, Education and Practice in Media (pp. 46–78). Vaasa: Tritonia.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http://doi.apa.org/psycinfo/1975-09476-000
Goffman, E. (2004). La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana (1a 5a reim). Argentina: Amorrortu editores.
González-Damián, A. (2004). El anfitrión como actor social en el turismo. Reflexiones desde el caso de Ixtapan de la Sal, México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (CR), 2004(105), 155–168.
González-Damián, A. (2011). Construcción social del turismo. Una perspectiva teórica de sociología constructivista para el estudio del turismo. Saarbrücken: Editorial Académica Española.
González-Damián, A., y Macías-Ramírez, A. R. (2017). Modelo Conceptual de los Marcos Primarios de la Experiencia Turística Mediada por Tecnología. Rosa Dos Ventos - Turismo E Hospitalidade, 9(II), 159–178. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v9i2p159
González Damián, A. (2009). El turismo desde un enfoque de sociología constructivista. Teoría Y Praxis, 6, 107–122.
Guttentag, D. a. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.003
Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., y Chang, L. L. (2015). Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism marketing: an integrated research framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2038
Jansson, A. (2007). A sense of tourism: new media and the dialectic of encapsulation/decapsulation. Tourist Studies, 7(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797607079799
Jurowski, C. (2009). An examination of the four realms of tourism experience theory. In International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track (pp. 1–8). Amherst: University of Massachusetts. https://doi.org/ISBN#0-9746470-8-X
Kim, J.-H. (2014). The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism Management, 44, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.02.007
Korstanje, M. E. (2013). Empistemologia del turismo: teoría del sistema onirico. Palermo Business Review, (10), 7–20.
Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., y Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5772/51644
Larsen, J. (2010). Goffman and the tourist gaze: a performative perspective on tourism mobility. In M. Hviid Jacobsen (Ed.), The contemporary Goffman (p. 396). EUA: Routledge.
Lindón, A. (2000). La vida cotidiana y su espacio-temporalidad. Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial.
MacCannell, D. (1976). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., y Ladkin, A. (2014). A Typology of Technology-Enhanced Tourism Experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1958
Noë, A., y O’Regan, J. K. (2000). Perception , Attention and the Grand Illusion. Psyche, 6, 6–15. https://doi.org/http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v6/psyche-6-15-noe.html
O’Regan, J. K., y Noe, a. (2001). What it is like to see: A sensorimotor theory of perceptual experience. Synthese, 129(1), 79–103. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1023/A:1012699224677
Okazaki, S., Campo, S., Andreu, L., y Romero, J. (2015). A Latent Class Analysis of Spanish Travelers’ Mobile Internet Usage in Travel Planning and Execution. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(2), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965514540206
Perazzolo, O. A., dos Santos, M. M. C., y Pereira, S. (2013). Dimension relacional de la acogida. Estudios Y Perspectivas En Turismo, 22, 138–153.
Pernecky, T. (2012). Constructionism. Critical pointers for tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1116–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.12.010
Pine, B. J., y Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76, 97–105.
Rageh, A. (2013). Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/tourist experience. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), 126–149.
Ryan, C. (2002). The tourist experience. London: Cengage Learning Emea.
Schutz, A. (2003). El problema de la realidad social. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.
Sfandla, C., y Bjork, P. (2012). Tourism Experience Network: Co-creation of Experiences in Interactive Processes. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(5), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1892
Sharpley, R., y Stone, P. R. (2011). Tourist Experience: Contemporary Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Sheldon, P. J. (2004). eTourism: Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 740–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.03.002
Tung, V. W. S., y Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
Tussyadiah, I. P., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Mediating Tourist Experiences. Access to Places via Shared Videos. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.10.001
Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience. Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.008
Urry, J., y Cooper, C. P. (1991). The sociology of tourism. In C. P. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in tourism, recreation and hospitality management (pp. 48–57). London: Wiley.
Wang, D., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2013). Transforming the Travel Experience: The Use of Smartphones for Travel. In L. Cantoni y Z. Xiang (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 58–69). Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36309-2_6
Wang, D., Park, S., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2012). The Role of Smartphones in Mediating the Touristic Experience. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511426341
Wang, D., y Xiang, Z. (2012). The New Landscape of Travel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Smartphone Apps. In M. Fuchs, F. Ricci, y L. Cantoni (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2012 (pp. 308–320). Vienna: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1142-0_27
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2014). Adapting to the mobile world: A model of smartphone use. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.04.008
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2016). Smartphone Use in Everyday Life and Travel. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535847
Wearing, S., y Neil, J. (2000). Refiguring self and identity through volunteer tourism. Loisir et Societe, 23(2), 389–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2000.10707537
Yves, M. (2015). El nuevo lujo. Madrid: Taurus.
Bassiouni, D. H., y Hackley, C. (2014). “Generation Z” children’s adaptation to digital consumer culture: A critical literature review. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 13(2), 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539214X14024779483591
Berger, P. L., y Luckmann, T. (2005). La construcción social de la realidad. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.
Berger, P., Luckmann, T., y Estruch, J. (1996). Modernidad, pluralismo y crisis de sentido. Estudios Públicos, 63.
Boksberger, P., y Akinsola, A. (2011). Blending Information and Communication Technology and Tourism-an Explorative Study of the Impact of Mobile Communication Technology on Tourism Experience. In CAUTHE 2011: National Conference: Tourism : Creating a Brilliant Blend. Adelaide: CAUTHE National Conference.
Boorstin, D. J. (1964). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America: Daniel J. Boorstin: New York, USA.: Vintage.
Buhalis, D., y Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet-The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29, 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
Buhalis, D., y O’Connor, P. (2005). Information communication technology revolutionizing tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 7–16.
Capellano dos Santos, M. M., y Araújo Perazzolo, O. (2012). Hospitalidade numa perspectiva coletiva : O corpo coletivo acolhedor. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa Em Turismo, 6(1), 3–15.
CISCO. (2015). The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis. Cisco, (May 2015), 1–29.
CISCO. (2016). Collaboration in the Age of Hyper-Connectivity - Cisco. CISCO India. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/c/en_in/about/thought-leadership/coll-age-hyper-connectivity.html
Cohen, E. (1979). A phenomenology of tourist experiences. Sociology. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1177/003803857901300203
Dickinson, J. E., Ghali, K., Cherrett, T., Speed, C., Davies, N., y Norgate, S. (2014). Tourism and the smartphone app: capabilities, emerging practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.718323
Egger, R. (2010). Theorizing Web 2.0 Phenomena in Tourism: A Sociological Signpost. Information Technology y Tourism, 12(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830510X12887971002666
Elands, B. H. M., y Lengkeek, J. (2012). The tourist experience of out-there-ness: Theory and empirical research. Forest Policy and Economics, 19, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.11.004
Gelter, H. (2010). Total experience management – a conceptual model for transformational experiences within tourism. In The Nordic Conference on Experience 2008. Research, Education and Practice in Media (pp. 46–78). Vaasa: Tritonia.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http://doi.apa.org/psycinfo/1975-09476-000
Goffman, E. (2004). La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana (1a 5a reim). Argentina: Amorrortu editores.
González-Damián, A. (2004). El anfitrión como actor social en el turismo. Reflexiones desde el caso de Ixtapan de la Sal, México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (CR), 2004(105), 155–168.
González-Damián, A. (2011). Construcción social del turismo. Una perspectiva teórica de sociología constructivista para el estudio del turismo. Saarbrücken: Editorial Académica Española.
González-Damián, A., y Macías-Ramírez, A. R. (2017). Modelo Conceptual de los Marcos Primarios de la Experiencia Turística Mediada por Tecnología. Rosa Dos Ventos - Turismo E Hospitalidade, 9(II), 159–178. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v9i2p159
González Damián, A. (2009). El turismo desde un enfoque de sociología constructivista. Teoría Y Praxis, 6, 107–122.
Guttentag, D. a. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.003
Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., y Chang, L. L. (2015). Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism marketing: an integrated research framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2038
Jansson, A. (2007). A sense of tourism: new media and the dialectic of encapsulation/decapsulation. Tourist Studies, 7(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797607079799
Jurowski, C. (2009). An examination of the four realms of tourism experience theory. In International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track (pp. 1–8). Amherst: University of Massachusetts. https://doi.org/ISBN#0-9746470-8-X
Kim, J.-H. (2014). The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism Management, 44, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.02.007
Korstanje, M. E. (2013). Empistemologia del turismo: teoría del sistema onirico. Palermo Business Review, (10), 7–20.
Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., y Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5772/51644
Larsen, J. (2010). Goffman and the tourist gaze: a performative perspective on tourism mobility. In M. Hviid Jacobsen (Ed.), The contemporary Goffman (p. 396). EUA: Routledge.
Lindón, A. (2000). La vida cotidiana y su espacio-temporalidad. Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial.
MacCannell, D. (1976). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., y Ladkin, A. (2014). A Typology of Technology-Enhanced Tourism Experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1958
Noë, A., y O’Regan, J. K. (2000). Perception , Attention and the Grand Illusion. Psyche, 6, 6–15. https://doi.org/http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v6/psyche-6-15-noe.html
O’Regan, J. K., y Noe, a. (2001). What it is like to see: A sensorimotor theory of perceptual experience. Synthese, 129(1), 79–103. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1023/A:1012699224677
Okazaki, S., Campo, S., Andreu, L., y Romero, J. (2015). A Latent Class Analysis of Spanish Travelers’ Mobile Internet Usage in Travel Planning and Execution. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(2), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965514540206
Perazzolo, O. A., dos Santos, M. M. C., y Pereira, S. (2013). Dimension relacional de la acogida. Estudios Y Perspectivas En Turismo, 22, 138–153.
Pernecky, T. (2012). Constructionism. Critical pointers for tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1116–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.12.010
Pine, B. J., y Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76, 97–105.
Rageh, A. (2013). Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/tourist experience. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), 126–149.
Ryan, C. (2002). The tourist experience. London: Cengage Learning Emea.
Schutz, A. (2003). El problema de la realidad social. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.
Sfandla, C., y Bjork, P. (2012). Tourism Experience Network: Co-creation of Experiences in Interactive Processes. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(5), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1892
Sharpley, R., y Stone, P. R. (2011). Tourist Experience: Contemporary Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Sheldon, P. J. (2004). eTourism: Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 740–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.03.002
Tung, V. W. S., y Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
Tussyadiah, I. P., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Mediating Tourist Experiences. Access to Places via Shared Videos. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.10.001
Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience. Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.008
Urry, J., y Cooper, C. P. (1991). The sociology of tourism. In C. P. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in tourism, recreation and hospitality management (pp. 48–57). London: Wiley.
Wang, D., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2013). Transforming the Travel Experience: The Use of Smartphones for Travel. In L. Cantoni y Z. Xiang (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 58–69). Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36309-2_6
Wang, D., Park, S., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2012). The Role of Smartphones in Mediating the Touristic Experience. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511426341
Wang, D., y Xiang, Z. (2012). The New Landscape of Travel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Smartphone Apps. In M. Fuchs, F. Ricci, y L. Cantoni (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2012 (pp. 308–320). Vienna: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1142-0_27
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2014). Adapting to the mobile world: A model of smartphone use. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.04.008
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., y Fesenmaier, D. R. (2016). Smartphone Use in Everyday Life and Travel. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535847
Wearing, S., y Neil, J. (2000). Refiguring self and identity through volunteer tourism. Loisir et Societe, 23(2), 389–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2000.10707537
Yves, M. (2015). El nuevo lujo. Madrid: Taurus.
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Published
2017-07-25
How to Cite
Gonzalez Damian, A. (2017). Transformaciones Espacio-temporales Inducidas por las TIC en la Experiencia Turística, Reflexiones Desde el Construccionismo Social. Anais Brasileiros De Estudos Turísticos, 7(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.34019/2238-2925.2017.v7.3163
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