Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos

Geopolitics of the geopolitics of tourism: a Latin American tradition?

2024-12-30T19:48:11+00:00

Recognizing that tourism has evolved into a global activity, its economic importance—stemming from its integration and expansion within the capitalist system—alongside its social significance (as a mechanism for conflict stabilization, social classification, and hierarchy), cultural role (as adherence to values, affirmation of belonging, and secularized rituals), and political function (as an ideological means of promoting a type of integration of peripheral societies into the world system) have progressively increased in contemporary society, particularly in the post-World War II context. This theoretical essay maps, through an unsystematic and narrative review, the main analytical approaches to the geopolitics of tourism in the first two decades of the 20th century, aiming to identify their key characteristics, components, central ideas, and authors, as well as their theoretical developments (schools of thought). Despite the recent increase in studies on the geopolitics of tourism, this subfield remains fragmented at the international level. This paper argues for the existence of an autonomous Latin American tradition dating back to the 1970s, whose continuity, persistence, and renewal (through the training of new generations) can be characterized as a school, albeit one whose dissemination is relatively limited by linguistic barriers. Finally, the essay proposes a research agenda aimed at recovering this autonomous tradition, updating it, and eventually engaging it in dialogue with theories, concepts, and frameworks from other paradigmatic traditions, in order to advance studies in this field.

Guest-host tensions in a fractured world

2024-12-29T15:34:21+00:00

From its outset, the tourism industry has focused its attention on host-guest’s relationships. They were historically characterized by stage of indifference, conflict and harmony. In recent years, some new paradigms have surfaced to hold that tourism should harmonize –although not always happen- the host-guest tensions. After the pandemic, host-guest tensions have been revived while taking radicalized forms. The tourist-phobia, as well as the sentiment of hostility against strangers, is part of a new fractured world where the classic spirit of hospitality is in crisis. The present paper explores the ebbs and flows of the anti-tourist discourse in a post viral context.

Adaptive strategies in tourism destinations amid migration and displacement

2024-08-28T19:35:07+00:00

This study analyses the interplay between migration, displacement and the tourism industry, shedding light on how destinations worldwide adapt to the dynamic challenges posed by these phenomena. As global migration patterns shift and displacement becomes more frequent due to various factors, including conflict, climate change and socio-economic disparities, tourism destinations are at a critical juncture. Quantitative data collection involved surveys distributed to tourists and local businesses in various destinations monitored by the WTO. The study is based on a secondary dataset collected from different tourism destinations globally, representing different geographical locations, cultural contexts and stages of economic development. The dataset includes data obtained from existing literature, reports and official statistics on migration, displacement and tourism. Adaptation strategies used by destinations include community engagement initiatives, sustainable tourism development and the formulation of inclusive policies. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how tourism destinations address the complex challenges of migration and displacement. By illustrating the interconnections between demographic changes, community dynamics and economic resilience, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, destination managers and researchers seeking sustainable and adaptive solutions in the changing landscape of global tourism.

The effects of food neophobia and openness to different cultures on ethnic food consumption: the case of tourism students

2024-08-16T07:59:45+00:00

Students who have the opportunity to intern and work in different sectors of an international industry such as tourism are often in environments with different, diverse and ethnic foods and are in contact with foreign colleagues and tourists. Moreover, these students will have careers in different fields of tourism in the future, work in various destinations around the world and serve tourists from different cultures. The objective of this study is to evaluate how food neophobia (FN) and openness to different cultures (ODC) influence the consumption of ethnic food among undergraduate students studying tourism in different professions, considering socio-demographic factors. In this scope, a questionnaire was administered online to 3rd and 4th year students studying at undergraduate level in tourism departments of different universities in Türkiye between February-June 2024 and a total of 425 people were reached. The main findings show that socio-demographic variables have various levels of influence on FN and ODC. In addition, the results indicate that students with FN are more cautious and closed to ethnic food consumption preferences, while students who are open to different cultures are more willing and open to ethnic food consumption preferences. In addition, it was determined that students at gastronomy and culinary arts departments had the lowest level of neophobia, while tourism guidance students had the highest level of neophobia. On the other hand, tourism guidance students had the highest level of ODC, while gastronomy and culinary arts students had the lowest level of ODC.

Reviewing open kitchen concept regarding its effect on motivation of chefs

2024-06-25T18:20:43+00:00

The open kitchen concept has been evaluated from the perspective of chefs in quite a few studies. Further research is necessary to investigate the impact of chefs' working conditions in open kitchens on their professional development, motivation, and work processes. This study aims to understand the impact of open kitchen working experiences on chefs who have previously worked in closed kitchens. Specifically, it examines how these experiences affect their mood, motivation, and creativity in the kitchen. For the research, twenty five chefs working in Michelin Starred restaurants in Turkey were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The answers were deciphered through descriptive analysis. The results show that the chefs responded positively to working in open kitchens. Chefs are motivated, happy, self-confident and satisfied while working. Working in front of customers causes them to be more careful, attentive, clean and self-confident. Customers follow the chefs in the restaurant with interest, wonder how the dishes are made and want to learn. This interaction of customers positively affects the chefs' work. Finally, the interaction between the chefs has positive results. The chefs exercise caution in their communication with customers, avoiding colloquial language, profanity, and insulting expressions. More importantly, this leads to the cessation of patriarchal behaviors. As a result, the open kitchen concept application is recommended to the enterprises since the motivation and satisfaction of the chefs will be a factor that will strengthen their professional development, recognition in the restaurant and the popularity of the kitchen will strengthen their professional ties.

The unpredictable ways of climate change, the virocene and the future of tourism in the new normal

2024-06-25T15:00:58+00:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unparalleled crisis in the circles of tourism industries and beyond. The overcrowding of cities associated with the technological revolution applied to transport has contributed directly to the spreading of the virus worldwide. The tourism industry has been the primary victim and spreader of COVID-19. Though initially, the consequences of the pandemic remain obscured or, at best, uncertain, no less accurate seems to be that scholars have devoted their attention to describing the economic effects on the tourism industry. For some reason, the sociological effects are unexplored in the specialized literature, which is very hard to precise here. These consequences include geopolitical tensions, cultural hostility against strangers, or even the rise of new forms of consumption associated with virtual tourism and IA. This paper discusses the host-guest encounters while basing conclusions on netnography. Since the sample was not statistically represented, the obtained results cannot be extrapolated to other universes. Netnography has received some criticism in recent years, but it remains a fertile ground for understanding certain discrimination-related issues.

Tourists’ intentions to participate in coffee tourism in the context of local Turkish coffee culture

2024-06-25T06:31:41+00:00

The research aims to determine the factors affecting tourists’ intention to visit destinations where local Turkish coffee varieties are available. The research sample is made up of local tourists. The data was collected by survey and the number of participants reached by convenience sampling method was 308. The study conducted validity, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis to test the hypotheses. According to the results obtained in the research, tourist experience has a statistically significant and positive influence on destination image and perceived value. Destination image positively influences novelty seeking and perceived value. Novelty seeking positive influences on perceived value and visit intention. Finally, visit perception partially mediates between visit intention and destination image. Research results show that local tourists intend to participate in coffee tourism. In this case, local Turkish coffee varieties should be considered by practitioners as an important resource for coffee tourism in Türkiye. In the future, researchers can study foreign tourists’ intentions to participate in coffee tourism in Türkiye.

Tourism, migration, and digital nomadism. A conceptual approach to new global mobilities

2024-06-11T11:46:55+00:00

Recent research on voluntary international migration movements motivated by lifestyle changes indicates a progressive increase in migration from countries in the North to the Global South (Huete and Mantecón, 2017; Salvà, 2011; Di Campli, 2019; Noorlos, 2013; Tang and Zolkinov, 2021; Hayes, 2014). In the context of new forms of human mobility worldwide, some influenced by economic and demographic factors, new mobility modalities emerge as an emerging paradigm in the social sciences (Sheller and Urry, 2006; Sheller, 2014). The present theoretical-conceptual text aims to study the characteristics, properties and implications of Residential Tourism, International Retirement Migration and Digital Nomadism as analytical categories within this developing conceptual framework. A bibliographic review was carried out in secondary sources, particularly scientific journals, classifying the texts according to their focus and year of publication. The study reveals significant differences in the consumer relationships of residential tourism and International Retirement Migration in perspective with traditional tourism, as well as a greater need to characterize the digital nomad, seen as a hybrid that transits between tourism and residence, modifying its consumption patterns in host destinations and with a high social and cultural cost.

Public policies and the image of the Brazil-Paraguay border: how does Youtube (de)valorize a cross-border territory?

2024-06-04T13:06:50+00:00

Cross-Borders Territory are more than political-administrative lines; they are places of exchange, spaces of cooperation and competition, spaces of social, cultural, and economic interaction. They are complex and dynamic areas with multiple dimensions. The border analyzed in this article is between Brazil and Paraguay, in the twin cities of Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero, which have a free and continuous flow of people and goods. This research focuses on the perceived image of this border and its relationship with public policies that recognize its complexity and tourism potential. The study used YouTube videos to analyze the perception of these cities and discuss public policies and images of tourist destinations. Using the qualitative methodological approach of grounded theory, 68 videos and more than 14,000 comments were analyzed. Among the findings, the negative impacts of the presence of the PCC at the border and the actions of the Government stand out. The article argues that the lack of public policy initiatives and positive narratives in building the image of tourist destinations can lead to a distorted and detrimental image of these areas. Systematic strategies based on technical issues and cooperative actions among local actors are essential for leveraging the tourism potential of the territory.

Sustainable tourism: a new paradigm shift in India's travel and tourism industry

2024-06-25T08:45:36+00:00

Many tourist destinations in emerging countries, such as India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, have witnessed significant effects of the pandemic on their business, thereby adversely hitting the sector and their related economies. This research focuses on the emergence and remediation of the numerous post-pandemic problems witnessed by the Indian tourism sector and explores potential technological solutions to these grueling issues. Additionally, to attain the goal of sustainable tourism, this study analyses the initiatives launched by the Government as part of India's Digital Tourism Mission to support and revive the Indian tourism industry. Primary and secondary data were utilized in the study to identify the importance of digital transformation in the tourism sector. This research demonstrates the post-pandemic concerns of the sustainable tourism industry and highlights the resilient approaches the sample takes to the industry for emerging issues with the help of Quadruple’s bottom line. It also culminates in how they use digital technology to tackle the industry's obstacles and the nation's economy. Additionally, it will highlight the various steps the Indian Government has taken to introduce digital technology to support the travel and tourism sector with specific reference to the National Digital Tourism Mission (NDTM) and put in place a paradigm shift in favor of digital tourism to realize the objective of sustainable and responsible travel.

Productivity in professional tourist guides: a scale development study with mixed-methods sequential exploratory design

2024-01-22T14:41:26+00:00

Tour guides have been described as being critical in the design and delivery of the tourism experience. It is obvious that the development of the field of tourist guidance, which is of the key players in the tourism sector and giving it the importance it deserves should be done in the light of academic studies in this field. The purpose of this study is specific to professional tourist guides productivity is to develop a perception scale. In the research, the exploratory sequential mixed method was adopted and acted with the idea of creating an original and native scale. Within the scope of this method, the qualitative stage was performed first and then the quantitative stage. The discovery of the perception of efficiency of professional tourist guides made the study original. It was written with the idea of filling such a gap in the literature and increasing the research to be conducted in the field of scale development for professional tourist guides.

A Sociologia do Turismo em Portugal: apresentação do número temático

2023-12-29T14:41:17+00:00

Russian Federation sanctions against the Republic of Turkey as a case of hard power application in tourism

2023-12-21T01:07:14+00:00

The article discusses the sanctions and limitations imposed on Turkey following the incident with the Russian aircraft on the Syrian-Turkish border in November 2015. The importance of Turkey as one of the most popular tourist destinations for the Russian mass tourism market is verified through the analysis of bilateral data. The research revealed that the tourism and hospitality sector in Turkey suffered more and more rapidly due to the strict restrictions imposed by Russian authorities. However, the sanctions also triggered a crisis in Russia's outbound tourism industry. The measures taken by the Russian tourism administration to offset the negative effects of geopolitical risks and address the long-standing issues in the tourism industry are presented.

Cultural routes as a tool for geopolitical integration

2023-12-21T01:08:29+00:00

International cooperation in tourism has long been a tool of geopolitical influence. On the other hand, it is a necessary factor of the tourism industry development both in the world and in its parts. Work on the creation and operation of international tourist routes is one of the forms of international cooperation. The article is aimed at analyzing cultural routes and their influence on integration mechanisms in the geopolitical space of the modern world. For this, certified cultural routes of the Council of Europe and the Great Silk Road project were chosen as model examples. The Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe is a working large-scale project for the creation of a single historical and cultural space through tourism. The Great Silk Road, implemented under the auspices of UNWTO, is at the design stage, and its implementation is constrained by several economic, geopolitical and social factors. Studying the experience of the cultural routes of the Council of Europe made it possible to classify them according to the subject, functions and integration mechanisms. A detailed analysis of routes allowed us to determine the countries that are most and least involved in the European historical and cultural space through tourism. As a result, we formulated a unified conceptual model of the cultural tourist route as a mechanism for geopolitical influence and integration. This model can be applied to other types of tourist routes that bring together several countries and can be a field for cooperation among them.

Tourism geopolitics: theoretical concepts and practical contexts

2023-12-21T01:10:18+00:00

The article discusses the role of the tourism and hospitality industry in the geopolitical processes of the modern world. Based on many examples, we can argue that today the tourism and hospitality industry is one of the most powerful tools for the geopolitical influence, a factor in international strategy on the “world chessboard”. We can talk about the formation of “tourism geopolitics” – a new interdisciplinary scientific direction, focused on studying the place, role, functions and impact of tourism as a form of influence by the states (economic, political, cultural, etc.) in the external political environment. Also, tourism geopolitics can be considered as one of the ways to optimally organize own space of the country (interethnic, cultural, demographic, economic, political, etc.) in the domestic environment. The article attempts to comprehend the sphere of tourism as a geopolitical actor of modern international relations (object of study) and consider its integrative forms and geopolitical tools (subject of study). We systematized, summarized in 7 concepts and substantiated the main forms and instruments of influence of the tourism industry as a geopolitical actor: 1) tourism as a soft power, 2) open world (global tourism world-system), 3) tourism as a form of neoliberal colonialism (neocolonialism), 4) tourism worlds and regions as the “world-system”, 5) overtourism as the basis of the geopolitical concept of “cultural anti-pluralism”, 6) national (insider) tourism as a geopolitical concept of the “closed world”, 7) tourism as a showcase of the socio-economic and political structure. From the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that tourism has become an important geopolitical force that possesses its own tools for one country to influence another in order to achieve its goals on the foreign policy arena. It can be asserted that an independent scientific field - tourism geopolitics - has formed, with its own concepts and methodology. It is important to begin studying this field to understand the mechanisms and tools of development.

Methodology for measuring the tourism economy in municipalities research applied in Juiz de Fora

2023-12-31T09:56:31+00:00

Tourism it is a complex phenomenon consisting of different factors from the most diverse supply chains, tourism is a challenge in terms of estimating its composition and economic participation. This research seeks to measure the contribution of the tourism sector to the city of Juiz de For a, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Through the Value Added (VA) by the Tourism Characteristics Activities (TCA). It was found a scarcity of literature centered on the presentation of methodologies capable of balancing such measurement, therefore, the publication of Anônimo et. al (2020), by measuring the participation of tourism at the state level, proved to be of fundamental importance in guiding the creation of the method then presented, for the municipal level. For this, data from the tourism supply side were used, obtained from the Regional Accounts System - SCR and from the Annual Social Information Report - RAIS, both managed and provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE, which makes them compatible. This measurement was made through the creation of a method that utilize equations to calculate the proportionality of the state data, by applying a simple rule of three to obtain the VA at the municipal level. The results show that the tourism sector represents, on average, 4.55% of the total Gross Value Added in Juiz de Fora and 0.112% of the National Gross Value Added, which can encourage the creation of investment policies that promote this sector in the city.

A research on determining the level of tourists’ satisfaction regarding Kazakh Cuisine

2023-10-02T22:26:22+00:00

The main purpose of this research is to determine the satisfaction levels of foreign tourists visiting Kazakhstan regarding local cuisine. In addition, the determination of tourists' visit motives, behavioral intentions. The universe of the study consists of foreign tourists who visit Almaty city and experience unique Kazakh food and drinks. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the questionnaire technique. The evaluations of foreign tourists arising from their eating and drinking experiences in Kazakhstan are grouped into seven dimensions which are: local foods, personnel quality, facility quality, culinary culture, visit effect, menu, and price dimensions. It was determined that there were significant differences according to gender, frequency of visit, the purpose of visit, nationality, and age variables towards the local cuisine satisfaction of tourists. It can be said that the level of satisfaction of the tourists with the local foods and beverages they experience in Kazakhstan is high. There is a positive relationship between tourist satisfaction dimensions (local food, facility quality, visit effect, and price satisfaction) and frequency of tourists visiting Kazakhstan. It has been concluded that tourists visiting for leisure purposes give more importance to the quality of personnel, the quality of the facility, and the price.

Plural perspectives on (the course of) studies about fairs in Brazil

2023-10-17T19:50:27+00:00

This article aims to verify potential congruencies and peculiarities of scientific production on fairs in Brazil. The research was conducted through a meta-study with the term fair searched in the SPELL® electronic library, without delimiting field and period, but considering peer-reviewed articles. The search yielded 101 articles, of which 69 were analyzed categorically and lexically. Fairs are an ancient form of commerce, and few studies still exist to understand their different facets. Therefore, academic research on this subject is important to advance knowledge and propose a future research agenda. When analyzing the articles, it was found that the main unity of the productions is that open-air and craft fairs are the most researched, focusing on marketing, organizational studies and tourism. As for the methodology, the articles analyzed are predominantly qualitative, using interviews, observations and documents, treated through content and discourse analysis. One of the pieces of evidence identified was the plurality of articles and the limited use of quantitative methods. The systematic discussion of scientific knowledge about fairs stands out, allowing the understanding of the state of the art and the study methodologies used on this topic and identifying that there are still many gaps in research on fairs, enabling new theoretical advances.

Customer satisfaction towards hotel services: a systematic review and research agenda

2023-06-27T19:20:05+00:00

In the highly competitive world, the hotel industry's success depends on the quality of services they provide, which gives wow feelings and high customer satisfaction. Many researchers have tried to assess customer satisfaction towards hotel services by proposing different models. Hence, the present study attempts to identify the influencing factors for determining customer satisfaction towards hotel services by conducting a systematic literature review. During the search process, 457 articles were obtained from the Web of Science database, and after filtration, 91 articles were used for further analysis. The result revealed that the top six influential factors affecting customer satisfaction towards hotel services are empathy, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, and green practices. If customers are satisfied, they will be motivated to revisit, spread positive word of mouth, and build loyalty. Moreover, the results identified that the USA, Malaysia, and China are the leading countries in this field. This study provides an extensive literature review, which otherwise is an unexplored area so far, which offers valuable insight for the hotel service providers to improve their services and also to the researchers and academicians to develop and propose new theories.

Analysis of tourists' opinions about the receptive tourist services in the municipality of Ouro Preto on platforms Instagram, Tripadvisor e Google Meu Negócio

2023-06-27T19:03:18+00:00

The chain of tourist services involves many areas, and can be the great competitive advantage of a municipality. It includes the tourist reception sector, which involves a diverse range of actions and services, the focus of this article. The general objective was to analyze the evaluations of the Ouro Preto tourist destinations on the TripAdvisor and Google Meu Negócios platforms, and the profile of these enterprises on Instagram, in order to understand how their digital presence has been consolidating. From this, this article analyzes the perceptions of tourists in relation to establishments in the municipality of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Netnography was used as a methodological strategy with mixed treatment of information collected on Instagram, TripAdvisor and Google Meu Negócios platforms. It was possible to conclude the low use of platforms by receptive tourism agencies in Ouro Preto, as well as the need for training local businessmen to use such resources.