Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos

Productivity in professional tourist guides: a scale development study with mixed-methods sequential exploratory design

Dilara Bahtiyar Sari — 2024-04-30

Tour guides have been described as being critical in the design and delivery of the tourism experience. It is obvious that the development of the field of tourist guidance, which is of the key players in the tourism sector and giving it the importance it deserves should be done in the light of academic studies in this field. The purpose of this study is specific to professional tourist guides productivity is to develop a perception scale. In the research, the exploratory sequential mixed method was adopted and acted with the idea of creating an original and native scale. Within the scope of this method, the qualitative stage was performed first and then the quantitative stage. The discovery of the perception of efficiency of professional tourist guides made the study original. It was written with the idea of filling such a gap in the literature and increasing the research to be conducted in the field of scale development for professional tourist guides.

A Sociologia do Turismo em Portugal: apresentação do número temático

João Filipe Marques — 2023-12-28

Russian Federation sanctions against the Republic of Turkey as a case of hard power application in tourism

Anna Y. Alexandrova — 2023-12-27

The article discusses the sanctions and limitations imposed on Turkey following the incident with the Russian aircraft on the Syrian-Turkish border in November 2015. The importance of Turkey as one of the most popular tourist destinations for the Russian mass tourism market is verified through the analysis of bilateral data. The research revealed that the tourism and hospitality sector in Turkey suffered more and more rapidly due to the strict restrictions imposed by Russian authorities. However, the sanctions also triggered a crisis in Russia's outbound tourism industry. The measures taken by the Russian tourism administration to offset the negative effects of geopolitical risks and address the long-standing issues in the tourism industry are presented.

Cultural routes as a tool for geopolitical integration

Alexandra V. Afanasieva — 2023-12-27

International cooperation in tourism has long been a tool of geopolitical influence. On the other hand, it is a necessary factor of the tourism industry development both in the world and in its parts. Work on the creation and operation of international tourist routes is one of the forms of international cooperation. The article is aimed at analyzing cultural routes and their influence on integration mechanisms in the geopolitical space of the modern world. For this, certified cultural routes of the Council of Europe and the Great Silk Road project were chosen as model examples. The Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe is a working large-scale project for the creation of a single historical and cultural space through tourism. The Great Silk Road, implemented under the auspices of UNWTO, is at the design stage, and its implementation is constrained by several economic, geopolitical and social factors. Studying the experience of the cultural routes of the Council of Europe made it possible to classify them according to the subject, functions and integration mechanisms. A detailed analysis of routes allowed us to determine the countries that are most and least involved in the European historical and cultural space through tourism. As a result, we formulated a unified conceptual model of the cultural tourist route as a mechanism for geopolitical influence and integration. This model can be applied to other types of tourist routes that bring together several countries and can be a field for cooperation among them.

Tourism geopolitics: theoretical concepts and practical contexts

Oleg E. Afanasiev — 2023-12-27

The article discusses the role of the tourism and hospitality industry in the geopolitical processes of the modern world. Based on many examples, we can argue that today the tourism and hospitality industry is one of the most powerful tools for the geopolitical influence, a factor in international strategy on the “world chessboard”. We can talk about the formation of “tourism geopolitics” – a new interdisciplinary scientific direction, focused on studying the place, role, functions and impact of tourism as a form of influence by the states (economic, political, cultural, etc.) in the external political environment. Also, tourism geopolitics can be considered as one of the ways to optimally organize own space of the country (interethnic, cultural, demographic, economic, political, etc.) in the domestic environment. The article attempts to comprehend the sphere of tourism as a geopolitical actor of modern international relations (object of study) and consider its integrative forms and geopolitical tools (subject of study). We systematized, summarized in 7 concepts and substantiated the main forms and instruments of influence of the tourism industry as a geopolitical actor: 1) tourism as a soft power, 2) open world (global tourism world-system), 3) tourism as a form of neoliberal colonialism (neocolonialism), 4) tourism worlds and regions as the “world-system”, 5) overtourism as the basis of the geopolitical concept of “cultural anti-pluralism”, 6) national (insider) tourism as a geopolitical concept of the “closed world”, 7) tourism as a showcase of the socio-economic and political structure. From the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that tourism has become an important geopolitical force that possesses its own tools for one country to influence another in order to achieve its goals on the foreign policy arena. It can be asserted that an independent scientific field - tourism geopolitics - has formed, with its own concepts and methodology. It is important to begin studying this field to understand the mechanisms and tools of development.

Methodology for measuring the tourism economy in municipalities research applied in Juiz de Fora

Drielli Raquel Vardieiro de Oliveira — 2023-12-29

Tourism it is a complex phenomenon consisting of different factors from the most diverse supply chains, tourism is a challenge in terms of estimating its composition and economic participation. This research seeks to measure the contribution of the tourism sector to the city of Juiz de For a, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Through the Value Added (VA) by the Tourism Characteristics Activities (TCA). It was found a scarcity of literature centered on the presentation of methodologies capable of balancing such measurement, therefore, the publication of Anônimo et. al (2020), by measuring the participation of tourism at the state level, proved to be of fundamental importance in guiding the creation of the method then presented, for the municipal level. For this, data from the tourism supply side were used, obtained from the Regional Accounts System - SCR and from the Annual Social Information Report - RAIS, both managed and provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE, which makes them compatible. This measurement was made through the creation of a method that utilize equations to calculate the proportionality of the state data, by applying a simple rule of three to obtain the VA at the municipal level. The results show that the tourism sector represents, on average, 4.55% of the total Gross Value Added in Juiz de Fora and 0.112% of the National Gross Value Added, which can encourage the creation of investment policies that promote this sector in the city.

A research on determining the level of tourists’ satisfaction regarding Kazakh Cuisine

Urmanbek Tagmanov — 2023-10-03

The main purpose of this research is to determine the satisfaction levels of foreign tourists visiting Kazakhstan regarding local cuisine. In addition, the determination of tourists' visit motives, behavioral intentions. The universe of the study consists of foreign tourists who visit Almaty city and experience unique Kazakh food and drinks. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the questionnaire technique. The evaluations of foreign tourists arising from their eating and drinking experiences in Kazakhstan are grouped into seven dimensions which are: local foods, personnel quality, facility quality, culinary culture, visit effect, menu, and price dimensions. It was determined that there were significant differences according to gender, frequency of visit, the purpose of visit, nationality, and age variables towards the local cuisine satisfaction of tourists. It can be said that the level of satisfaction of the tourists with the local foods and beverages they experience in Kazakhstan is high. There is a positive relationship between tourist satisfaction dimensions (local food, facility quality, visit effect, and price satisfaction) and frequency of tourists visiting Kazakhstan. It has been concluded that tourists visiting for leisure purposes give more importance to the quality of personnel, the quality of the facility, and the price.

Plural perspectives on (the course of) studies about fairs in Brazil

Debora Regina Schneider Locatelli — 2023-12-28

This article aims to verify potential congruencies and peculiarities of scientific production on fairs in Brazil. The research was conducted through a meta-study with the term fair searched in the SPELL® electronic library, without delimiting field and period, but considering peer-reviewed articles. The search yielded 101 articles, of which 69 were analyzed categorically and lexically. Fairs are an ancient form of commerce, and few studies still exist to understand their different facets. Therefore, academic research on this subject is important to advance knowledge and propose a future research agenda. When analyzing the articles, it was found that the main unity of the productions is that open-air and craft fairs are the most researched, focusing on marketing, organizational studies and tourism. As for the methodology, the articles analyzed are predominantly qualitative, using interviews, observations and documents, treated through content and discourse analysis. One of the pieces of evidence identified was the plurality of articles and the limited use of quantitative methods. The systematic discussion of scientific knowledge about fairs stands out, allowing the understanding of the state of the art and the study methodologies used on this topic and identifying that there are still many gaps in research on fairs, enabling new theoretical advances.

Customer satisfaction towards hotel services: a systematic review and research agenda

Jick Castanha — 2023-12-13

In the highly competitive world, the hotel industry's success depends on the quality of services they provide, which gives wow feelings and high customer satisfaction. Many researchers have tried to assess customer satisfaction towards hotel services by proposing different models. Hence, the present study attempts to identify the influencing factors for determining customer satisfaction towards hotel services by conducting a systematic literature review. During the search process, 457 articles were obtained from the Web of Science database, and after filtration, 91 articles were used for further analysis. The result revealed that the top six influential factors affecting customer satisfaction towards hotel services are empathy, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, and green practices. If customers are satisfied, they will be motivated to revisit, spread positive word of mouth, and build loyalty. Moreover, the results identified that the USA, Malaysia, and China are the leading countries in this field. This study provides an extensive literature review, which otherwise is an unexplored area so far, which offers valuable insight for the hotel service providers to improve their services and also to the researchers and academicians to develop and propose new theories.

Tourist routes in the metropolitan area of Porto – continuities and polarizations

Natália Azevedo — 2023-12-29

Contemporary tourism, in its most diverse territorial and social contexts, confronts us with what are (and have been) the political priorities that design the local tourist offer in Portugal. The analysis of the tourist policies of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Porto at the present time, and after the last elections municipalities, takes us to a first empirical fact: the growing programmatic interest in tourism in local political programs in recent years. In another sense, more peculiar and central, the diversity of the local tourist offer when understood as an additional and circular development vector of the same metropolitan territory. To the empirical political regularities that we established between 1980 and 2001, in a metropolitan territory composed of 9 councils, after 20 years, and with the enlargement of the metropolitan territory to 17 councils, new singularities and emerging tensions are added. The balance between continuities and polarizations of tourist practices constitutes one of the theoretical and empirical challenges of our qualitative research.

Who is afraid of mass tourism? Persistence and renewal of anti-tourism rhetoric in Lisbon

Alexandre Vaz — 2023-12-18

On a global scale tourism has grown rapidly in the last decades and in Lisbon this trend was felt especially after the financial crisis of 2011 and the subsequent austerity policies and incentive to foreign investment. This dynamic produced substantive changes in the uses of urban space that were at the origin of disputes and conflicts. Even though the concept of tourismphobia is relatively recent, the critical, and often moralistic, view of leisure travel is as old as the Grand Tour itself. In this article, we start from the intersection of literary sources, official and political discourse, interviews, and graffiti to analyze the main arguments invoked against tourism and the contradictions they contain We conclude that, despite the criticism being anchored in the broader issue of rejecting capitalist models, in practice, its protagonists show contradictory signs of defending their privilege to inhabit a less contested city or to visit tourist destinations without them being overcrowded by their peers. Tourism thus appears to be a good example of the tensions generated by advanced capitalism.

To look slowly: articulations between sociology and photography on the study of photographic touristic practices in Porto

Eduardo Silva — 2023-12-29

This paper analyzes long exposure photography as a data colletion method in sociology and tourism studies. Relating tourism ordering (macro), touristic imaginaries (meso) and tourists’ gazes (micro) according to logics of power, structuring and aggregation, the touristic phenomenon is here analyzed on the interactional scale. We know that tourism integrates models of symbolic (re)valuing of places that use photography in its promotion as touristic destinations, and that despite all the multisensory external influences the subjects are agents in the construction of their touristic experience and of their own touristic imaginary. Therefore, a qualitative methodology was adopted which uses long exposure photography as part of ethnography to observe the dynamics of occupation and use of places in a touristic context. From the case study analyzed, the notion that the touristic imaginary is mostly formed during the experience of the tourist in the place emerges, within which photographic practice plays an important role. Its study highlights that between the ordering of the tourist’s experience and the gaze he/she forms during it builds his/her touristic imaginary, which is composed by symbolic dimensions and subjective impressions that surface on his/her discourses and on his/her touristic performance on the place, accessible through photography and through words.

Tourism literacy: building a proposal of competencies baed on the mediators of the algarve and their contributions to the concept

Sandra Côrtes-Morreira — 2023-12-21

The article gives notice of an ongoing research, which analyses the media productions of three Tourism Management Organizations in Algarve/Portugal (Região de Turismo do Algarve - RTA, Associação de Turismo do Algarve - ATA and Municipality of Faro). The aim is to conceptualize whts is Tourism Literacy, as well as the competences associated to it and the role played by the mediators involved in this process that connects them, through their communication channels, to tourists. Based on the models proposed by Pérez-Rodríguez and Delgado-Ponce (2012), Ferrés and Piscitelli (2012) and Scolari et. al. (2018) we are building a proposal of competencies, pointing Knowledge, Comprehension and Expression as essential dimensions for the existence of literacy within the tourism industry, taking into consideration that Tourism Literacy will be part of a continuous and holistic learning process, integrated in a new ecology of multiple literacies.

Liminality and authenticity: a journey into the ritual and existential dimensions of tourism

João Filipe Marques — 2023-12-18

This short essay seeks to reconstruct the journey that connects the two major theoretical paradigms of the Sociology of Tourism that explore the idea that the tourist experience can induce significant changes in the travelling subject: the theory of tourist liminality - derived from the Anthropology of Ritual - and the notion of Existential Authenticity, whose foundations are rooted in the Existentialist Philosophy. According to the theory of liminality, the tourist trip constitutes a symbolic process of marking time and the stages of life, having a structure similar to the ritual process, through which the traveler/tourist leaves places that are familiar to him (a moment of separation ) to a destination (liminal space-time), subsequently returning to the place of origin (reintegration). This situation of liminality generates a deep feeling of togetherness (communitas) towards other human beings and a temporary dissolution of social hierarchies. The notion of Existential Authenticity refers to a special state of Being that is triggered by tourist experiences, during which individuals have the opportunity to be true to themselves and to their values and convictions.Brief stops are made in some of the declinations of the theme of Authenticity in tourism, in the notions of flow, co-creation and the transformational power of tourism. It ends with a light criticism of the main opponents of those two approaches, specifically, the defenders of the so-called “de-differentiation theory”.

Tourist experience, authenticities and agency: from simulacrum to dediferentiation

Graça Joaquim — 2023-12-28

The aim of this article is to present a reflection in the context of the development of the project "Innovation and Future: contributions on the design of the tourist offer in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area" (Lisboa-01-0145-Feder-023368), discussing in the light of the research results, the problematics of the representation of the city, the AML, tourism and the agency of the multiple actors, where the tourist experiences in these territories are strongly deficient in plural tourist experiences (Joaquim, 2015) and territorially deconcentrated and not integrated. The central methodological strategy was clearly based on intensive methodologies where techniques such as focus groups and in-depth interviews, aimed to work the singularities of the communities, their memories, their representations, their projects, their desires, essential for a development tourism, identity-based, crossing their memories, experiences and visions about the future. The results point to very contradictory representations about the city, the LMA and tourism according to the personal and territorial trajectories of the actors involved. However, a common trait is the absence of agency with regard to tourism, both among those who reject tourism, which is extraordinarily expressive in Lisbon, and among those who see it as a desirable development process in their municipalities. This article focuses on the former.

Body, tourisms, resonances

Ezequiel Santos — 2023-12-20

The objective of this essay is to present an ongoing reflection on the human body as an interface of the tourist experience. Starting from a model of Philosophical Anthropology that sees the human as a unitary being, and focusing on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, we radically observe how the factors body, space, time and intentionality shape the tourist experience, fostering a deep sense of unison with the environment and of care and ethical consideration for all living things. Such reflections are an invitation to reformulate our current way of seeing and being tourism, making it more sensitive and ethically valid in its ontic and methodological approaches.

"Living like a local": touristification of urban space in portugal, local accommodation and public policy response

Ana Rita Cruz — 2023-12-18

The intensification of tourist activity in Portugal resulted from a government commitment to overcome the economic and financial crisis that hit Portugal from 2010 onwards. This intensification was mainly reflected in urban areas where, before, there was no tourism specialisation, with the cases of the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto being the most outstanding. In terms of public policies, one of the measures that resulted from this framework was the flexibility of the housing rental market through short-term rentals to promote local accommodation to tourists in Portugal. At the same time, international trends signalled a tourist demand very oriented towards urban tourism and, in particular, towards the “live like a local” paradigm. The combination of these factors resulted in an explosion in the supply and demand for local accommodation in Portugal, with direct and profound consequences for urban fabrics and populations. Focusing on the analysis of the evolution of local accommodation in Portugal, in the last decade, this article explores the contribution of this phenomenon to the touristification of urban space, in conjunction with the negative social effects resulting from this process, through the analysis of local accommodation and the public policies that have been addressed to it.

Recreational carrying capacity calculations: an application on Cappadocia rocky sites

İrem Yıldırım — 2024-04-30

The Cappadocia region, which is crucially important in terms of history, nature and culture, hosts visitors of all ages from all over the world. In order not to lose its attractiveness and appeal and to pass on its continuity to future generations, it is of utmost importance to control demand in heritage areas that have been damaged or are vulnerable to damage. Otherwise, it is feared that structures and formations that are considered incapable of regeneration will be at risk of destruction. The main objective of this study is to identify the areas with the highest number of visitors to heritage sites in the Cappadocia region and to calculate the three recreational carrying capacity (physical, real and effective carrying capacity) and social carrying capacity in these areas. In this context, the areas with the highest density of visitors in the region were first identified based on the statistical reports published by the Nevşehir Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism (NPDCT). These areas are designated as Göreme Open-Air Museum (GOAM), Derinkuyu Underground City (DUC) and Kaymaklı Underground City (KUC). Then, the recreational and social carrying capacities for these areas were calculated. In accordance with the calculations, it was revealed that in Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı Underground Cities, both the physical and social carrying capacities were exceeded in all months of the year. In GOAM, it was found that the recreational carrying capacity was exceeded in all months of the year except in the winter months. The results differ according to the summer and winter periods. However, it was determined that the number of monthly visitors that Göreme Open Air Museum should host should be 51,450, DUC should host 27,500 and KUC should host 15,950 in the summer period, when more visitors are travelling.In addition, based on the results of the real carrying capacity, the number of expected daily visitors in the areas concerned was determined and both theoretical and practical contributions were provided in accordance with the results obtained.

Effective exchange rate volatility and its effect on tourism demand in India: a cointegration analysis

Arun Bhatia — 2024-05-17

Tourism has played a dominant role in the economy of the country since ancient times. Demand for tourism at the destination is a function of multiple variables like the level of domestic prices, the income of the tourists, foreign exchange rate, international price levels, cost of travel, etc. The relationship between effective exchange rates and foreign tourist arrivals in India is examined in the present study based on time series data of more than two decades. The results highlight that there exists a causal relationship between the exchange rate and foreign tourist arrivals in India. Further, if we wish to attract higher tourist footfall in the country, then along with increasing the level of investment in the tourism sector, policymakers need to manage the level of domestic prices in the country.

The affects built from ICT’s present in the tourist context

Celina Maria de Souza Olivindo — 2023-12-08

This paper defends the idea that the use of ICTs affects the social constitution of local tourism and may cause greater or lesser engagement of the tourist to the visited place. It aims to understand the affections generated by ICTs from the gourmet practice. Considering the premises that (I) the existence of ICTs does not guarantee experiences that promote a positive response and (II) understanding the affects that increase and reduce people's power to act from the interaction with ICTs can be a competitive advantage for organizations. The study takes place by observing the gourmet practice in the gastronomic organizations based in the tourist complex of Barra Grande - PI. From this, it was possible to identify aspects that demonstrate the affections present in the interaction between human and non-human elements under the connection of ICTs. Through a post-qualitative approach, based on studies of practices, this study used Pink's sensory ethnography strategy, non-participant observation data collection techniques and semi-structured interviews mediated by Nicolini's Zoom in and out technique, which helps in the adjustments of the collection lenses. For analysis, Strati's evocation and interpretation techniques were used. It was concluded that the use of ICTs, from the gourmet practice, affects the constitution of the local tourist sector in a positive and negative way, considering mainly that the affections that the body carries can impact on the power of people to act and promote an increase or reduction in action