Exploração de Petróleo na Margem Equatorial da Foz do Rio Amazonas e Direitos Humanos.: É Possível Conciliar?

Abstract

The present investigation aims to answer the title question considering the arguments presented, on the one hand, by developmentalists and, on the other, by environmentalists. We understand that the arguments presented reflect a more profound conflict of values ​​that, if addressed by an appropriate conflict resolution methodology, can contribute to clarifying the issue. The proposed methodology is Scheler's ethical personalism. The hierarchy of values ​​to be applied in conflict resolution brings (i) personal value as the highest, followed by (ii) spiritual values, such as justice; (iii) vital values, such as well-being and usefulness; and (iv) the sensitive. By preferring and postponing, it is possible to find balance points in a permanent critical attitude. The objective is to contribute to ensuring that actions occur with due diligence regarding human rights. The initial hypothesis is that, by identifying the values ​​in conflict and applying the methodology described, conflict resolution in this specific case allows us to think about an energy transition that reconciles development and the environment. We understand that both aim to protect personal value. Therefore, without assuming a naive stance, what is actually in conflict are the spiritual and vital values ​​of each party. In this sense, we argue that, given the inevitable demand for energy in contemporary society and the high cost of the energy transition, it is necessary to reconcile development with the environment through a planned energy transition financed by the exploration of oil and gas, but with goals defined commitments to the neutrality of GHG emissions in 2050. To this end, state and federal government regulation, monitoring, and inspection are necessary to guarantee the replacement of fossil fuels with clean energy sources.