Adaptive strategies in tourism destinations amid migration and displacement

Valerio della Sala

doi:10.5281/zenodo.14226270

Authors

Valerio della Sala Autonomous University of Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226270

Keywords:

adaptive strategies, policy, displacement, migration, Tourism

Abstract

This study analyses the interplay between migration, displacement and the tourism industry, shedding light on how destinations worldwide adapt to the dynamic challenges posed by these phenomena. As global migration patterns shift and displacement becomes more frequent due to various factors, including conflict, climate change and socio-economic disparities, tourism destinations are at a critical juncture. Quantitative data collection involved surveys distributed to tourists and local businesses in various destinations monitored by the WTO. The study is based on a secondary dataset collected from different tourism destinations globally, representing different geographical locations, cultural contexts and stages of economic development. The dataset includes data obtained from existing literature, reports and official statistics on migration, displacement and tourism. Adaptation strategies used by destinations include community engagement initiatives, sustainable tourism development and the formulation of inclusive policies. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how tourism destinations address the complex challenges of migration and displacement. By illustrating the interconnections between demographic changes, community dynamics and economic resilience, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, destination managers and researchers seeking sustainable and adaptive solutions in the changing landscape of global tourism.

Downloads

Author Biography

Valerio della Sala, Autonomous University of Barcelona

PhD of Geography (2022). PhD in Urban 6 Regional Development (2022). Adjunct professor at UAB. Academic research covers general topics on urbanism, human geography, environment, landscape, and urban culture, including applied projects on sports, spatial policy, the retrofitting of urban space, and cultural-led regeneration programs. In particular, he was involved in several research groups on the city in co-participative planning. Among the leading research groups, we can mention the AGEI Italian Geographers' Association Group on the topics of sport and territory and the Digital Geographies Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society DGRG in the UK. CV: http://valeriodellasala.it

References

Adams, H. (2016). Why populations persist: mobility, place attachment and climate change. Population and Environment, 37, 429-448.

Adams, K. M. (2022). What western tourism concepts obscure: intersections of migration and tourism in Indonesia. In Recentering Tourism Geographies in the ‘Asian Century’ (pp. 30-55). Routledge.

Adger, W. N. (2003). Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. Economic Geography, 79(4), 387-404.

Afifi, T., Milan, A., Etzold, B., Schraven, B., Rademacher-Schulzb, C., Sakdapolrak, P., ... & Warner, K. (2016). Human mobility in response to rainfall variability: opportunities for migration as a successful adaptation strategy in eight case studies. Migration and Development, 5(2), 254-274.

Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies.

Bachmann, F., Maharjan, A., Thieme, S., Fleiner, R., & Wymann von Dach, S. (2019). Migration and sustainable mountain development: Turning challenges into opportunities. Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, with Bern Open Publishing.

Barker, C. (2005). Cultural studies: Theory and practice. Sage.

Barnett, J. R., & Webber, M. (2010). Accommodating migration to promote adaptation to climate change. World bank policy research working paper, (5270).

Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology.

Borderon, M., Best, K. B., Bailey, K., Hopping, D. L., Dove, M., & Cervantes de Blois, C. L. (2021). The risks of invisibilization of populations and places in environment-migration research. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1).

Brzoska, M., & Fröhlich, C. (2016). Climate change, migration and violent conflict: vulnerabilities, pathways and adaptation strategies. Migration and Development, 5(2), 190-210.

Buckley, R. (2004). Environmental impacts of ecotourism. CABI.

Castelli, F. (2018). Drivers of migration: why do people move?. Journal of travel medicine, 25(1), tay040.

Castles, S. (2000). International migration at the beginning of the twenty‐first century: Global trends and issues. International Social Science Journal, 52(165), 269-281.

Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872-909.

Coles, T., & Timothy, D. J. (2004). ‘My field is the world’: conceptualizing diasporas, travel and tourism: Conceptualizing diasporas, travel and tourism Tourism, migration and mobility: a missing piece of the jigsaw?. In Tourism, diasporas and space (pp. 15-44). Routledge.

Coles, T., Duval, D. T., & Hall, C. M. (2012). Tourism, mobility, and global communities: New approaches to theorising tourism and tourist spaces. In Global tourism (pp. 463-481). Routledge.

De Haas, H. (2011). The determinants of international migration: Conceptualising policy, origin and destination effects.

Edgell Sr, D. L. (2019). Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.

Edgell, D. L., Swanson, J., Allen, M. D., & Smith, G. (2008). Tourism policy and planning: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Routledge.

Egan, D. J., & Nield, K. (2003). The economic impact of tourism--a critical review. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 10(2), 170-178.

Feng, K., & Page, S. J. (2000). An exploratory study of the tourism, migration–immigration nexus: Travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand. Current Issues in tourism, 3(3), 246-281.

George, J., & Adelaja, A. (2021). Forced displacement and agriculture: implications for host communities. Sustainability, 13(10), 5728.

González Domínguez, I., Humberto Thomé-Ortiz, & García Rodea, L. F. (2022). Adaptability and resilience to COVID-19: 8 cases of rural tourism in indigenous communities in central Mexico. Anais Brasileiros De Estudos Turísticos, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6823347

Hall, C. M., & Lew, A. A. (2009). Understanding and managing tourism impacts: An integrated approach. Routledge.

Hall, C. M., & Rath, J. (2007). Tourism, migration and place advantage in the global cultural economy. In Tourism, ethnic diversity and the city (pp. 19-42). Routledge.

Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption (Vol. 65). Springer Science & Business Media.

Haugland, S. A., Ness, H., Grønseth, B. O., & Aarstad, J. (2011). Development of tourism destinations: An integrated multilevel perspective. Annals of tourism research, 38(1), 268-290.

Ingram, J. C., Franco, G., Rumbaitis-del Rio, C., & Khazai, B. (2006). Post-disaster recovery dilemmas: challenges in balancing short-term and long-term needs for vulnerability reduction. Environmental science & policy, 9(7-8), 607-613.

Janoschka, M., & Haas, H. (2013). Contested spatialities of lifestyle migration: Approaches and research questions. In Contested spatialities, lifestyle migration and residential tourism (pp. 1-12). Routledge.

Lischer, S. K. (2007). Causes and consequences of conflict-induced displacement. Civil Wars, 9(2), 142-155.

Mandić, A. (2020). Structuring challenges of sustainable tourism development in protected natural areas with driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) framework. Environment Systems and Decisions, 40(4), 560-576.

Mihalic, T. (2002). Tourism and economic development issues. Tourism and development: Concepts and issues, 81-111.

Ndaguba, E., & Van Zyl, C. (2024). Short-Term Accommodations and Long-Term Housing Challenges in the Margaret River Tourist Destination: A Perspective of Population Movement and Pricing. Social Sciences, 13(7), 355.

OECD (2018). International Migration Outlook.

Oliver-Smith, A. (2018). Disasters and large-scale population dislocations: International and national responses. In Oxford research encyclopedia of natural hazard science.

Ozgen, C., Nijkamp, P., & Poot, J. (2013). The impact of cultural diversity on firm innovation: evidence from Dutch micro-data. iza Journal of Migration, 2, 1-24.

Richards, G. (2007). Cultural tourism: Global and local perspectives. Psychology Press.

Risteskia, M., Kocevskia, J., & Arnaudov, K. (2012). Spatial planning and sustainable tourism as basis for developing competitive tourist destinations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 375-386.

Robinson, M., & Novelli, M. (2007). Niche tourism: an introduction. In Niche tourism (pp. 1-10). Routledge.

Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. (2011). Social-ecological resilience and community-based tourism: An approach from Agua Blanca, Ecuador. Tourism management, 32(3), 655-666.

Sharma, A., Kukreja, S., & Sharma, A. (2012). Role of tourism in social and economic development of society. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 1(3), 10-31.

Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006). The new mobilities paradigm. Environment and Planning A, 38(2), 207-226

Tacoli, C., McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. (2015). Urbanisation, rural-urban migration and urban poverty. London, UK: Human Settlements Group, International Institute for Environment and Development.

Telfer, D. J. (2002). Tourism and regional development issues. Tourism and development: Concepts and issues, 2, 112-148.

Thomas, A., & Benjamin, L. (2018). Policies and mechanisms to address climate-induced migration and displacement in Pacific and Caribbean small island developing states. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 10(1), 86-104.

UNWTO (2021). Tourism and Migration Report.

Ursache, M. (2015). Tourism–significant driver shaping a destinations heritage. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 130-137.

Vuin, A., Carson, D. A., Carson, D. B., & Garrett, J. (2016). The role of heritage tourism in attracting “active” in-migrants to “low amenity” rural areas. Rural Society, 25(2), 134-153.

Warner, K. (2010). Global environmental change and migration: Governance challenges. Global environmental change, 20(3), 402-413.

Warner, K., Hamza, M., Oliver-Smith, A., Renaud, F., & Julca, A. (2010). Climate change, environmental degradation and migration. Natural Hazards, 55, 689-715.

Weatherdon, L. V., Magnan, A. K., Rogers, A. D., Sumaila, U. R., & Cheung, W. W. (2016). Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: an update. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3, 48.

Williams, A. M., & Hall, C. M. (2000). Tourism and migration: new relationships between production and consumption. Tourism geographies, 2(1), 5-27.

Yilmaz, T., Boztaş, A., Yılmazer, A., & Akgün, S. (2021). The Role of Ecotourism in Regional Development in Theory-Practice Axis: the Case of Sapanca. Anais Brasileiros De Estudos Turísticos, 11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771010

Zaei, M. E., & Zaei, M. E. (2013). The impacts of tourism industry on host community. European journal of tourism hospitality and research, 1(2), 12-21.