EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS IN BRAZIL AND MEXICO, A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN HOMOGENIZATION AND DIVERSITY

UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS NO BRASIL E NO MÉXICO ENTRE HOMOGENEIZAÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE

Abstract

Latin America, especially Brazil and Mexico, faces significant educational challenges due to its large population and territorial extent. International comparisons of educational systems highlight the differences between Comparative Education and intercultural comparison, emphasizing the strong influence of guidelines from developed countries on those considered developing. Since the late 19th century, comparative studies have been crucial in understanding the evolution of educational practices. The contemporary challenge is to articulate local singularities with comprehensive syntheses, respecting cultural and social differences. This work focuses on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, which encompasses 'Quality Education,' especially in Secondary Education. Despite the lack of correlation with per capita income, educational rankings show notable discrepancies: developed countries achieve superior results compared to Latin American nations. The decline in enrollment and learning rates in Secondary Education exacerbates difficulties in ensuring inclusive education. Education for citizenship, proposed in the Secondary Education systems of Brazil and Mexico, should promote critical thinking among young people, combating misinformation and raising awareness about power relations. The research adopts a historical-comparative approach, analyzing the impact of educational reforms on policies in Latin America, often inspired by guidelines from advanced capitalist countries. By connecting local singularities to global syntheses, the study seeks to strengthen civic education and civic engagement, promoting a more just and equitable society while discussing the influence of international education indicators, which reflect homogeneous standards and can marginalize local realities.