THE PRESENCE OF LITERARY AND HISTORICAL WORKS BY GIUSEPPE FANCIULLI (1922 - 1938): BETWEEN ITALY, BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA

ENTRE ITÁLIA, BRASIL E ARGENTINA

Abstract

Abstract: Schools with ethnic characteristics in terms of language, knowledge, and the way they operated proliferated in Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period that coincided with numerous and successive international migrations that settled, in the case of Rio Grande do Sul, especially on small properties in the colonies created for this purpose. In Argentina, especially in Buenos Aires, Italian schools were also present. Italian schools have been inspected by consuls attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1870. The aim of this article is to understand the policies, production, circulation, and distribution of textbooks produced during fascism for Italian schools abroad, focusing on those that circulated in Brazil and Argentina, with an analytical focus on Rio Grande do Sul and Buenos Aires. We analyzed the period between 1922 and 1938 with special attention to the books produced by Giuseppe Fanciulli. This author and journalist was a benchmark for children's literature in the period. History of Education and Cultural History were used to analyze historical documents such as laws, correspondence, consul reports, photographs, and school books written by Fanciulli and newspapers. The consular network was responsible for receiving and distributing school materials (predominantly books) and financial subsidies for teachers, from Italy to countries such as Brazil and Argentina. With fascism, Italy intensified its organization and attention to schools, as well as sending books, with Fanciulli's works being a highlight. In Brazil and Argentina, Franciulli's books had little effect.