INTERNSHIP IN INDIAN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION: A CASE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY UNDERGRADUATES

Authors

  • Kumar Ashutosh University of Delhi
  • Nikhil Charak Ambedkar University
  • Ketan Bhatt Central University of Jammu
  • Sunil Kumar Kabia Bundelkhand University
  • Amit Gangotia Central University of Jammu
  • Krishma Rana Central University of Jammu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14112037

Keywords:

Tourism, Hospitality, Skills and Competencies, Vocational Education, Internship

Abstract

The latest National education policy of India (NEP-2020) underlined the significance of internship opportunities for students pursuing vocational degree programmes to make them job ready for the industry. Internship have always been the most effectual tool for empirical learning, as it allows students to experience hands-on learning as well as the practical aspects of the theory courses. Current research examines the role and importance of internship in tourism and hospitality education. Pondering on the significance of internships in developing skill competencies amongst the students, the findings of current study can be effective in identifying the overall perception of hospitality students in judging their skill competencies during the pre-internship and post-internship period. This research attempts to find out the gap between the pre and post on-the-job training (OJT) experience of tourism and hospitality undergraduates in terms of competencies required to set foot in the industry. The paper is empirical in nature and employs both primary and secondary data which was analysed using mean scores and t-test. The major implication of the study is to assess the significance of the internship in developing industry-relevant competencies among students.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Kumar Ashutosh, University of Delhi

Associate Prof., DCEE, University of Delhi specialises in tourism trends, economics of tourism, and tourism marketing.

Nikhil Charak, Ambedkar University

Asst.Prof., Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, New Delhi specialises in tourism education, Hospitality Management, and wellness tourism

Ketan Bhatt, Central University of Jammu

Faculty member, SBS, Central University of Jammu has interest in tourism education, tourism sustainability and inclusive growth.

Sunil Kumar Kabia, Bundelkhand University

Bundelkhand University, Jhansi specializes in tourism planning, sustainable tourism, Air cargo and tour packaging.

Amit Gangotia, Central University of Jammu

Sr. Assistant Professor, DTTM, Central University of Jammu specialises in CBT, tourism education, smart tourism, and experiential tourism

Krishma Rana, Central University of Jammu

Ph.D. Scholar, DTTM, Central University of Jammu specialises in Wellness Tourism, Tourism Education, and Tourism Management.

References

Airey, D., & Tribe, J. (2010). Education for hospitality. In In search of hospitality (pp. 276-292). Routledge.

Akomaning, E. (2019). Improving student internship through collaborative curriculum design: Needs and context analysis to inform the design process. Collaborative curriculum design for sustainable innovation and teacher learning, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20062-6_6

Alajmi, M. M. (2019). The impact of E-portfolio use on the development of professional standards and life skills of students: A case study. Entrepreneurship and sustainability issues, 6(4), 1714.

Alp, E., Karadeniz, O., Çağlar, A., & İslamoğlu, E. (2023). Does extending the internship period in vocational schools of higher education lead to better employment results?: The case of Turkey. Education+ Training, 65(3), 357–381.

Anjum, S. (2020). Impact of internship programs on professional and personal development of business students: a case study from Pakistan. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1-13.

Aqli, R. F., Hasan, B., & Sucita, T. (2019). Internship program as a part of technical and vocational education training (TVET). In 5th UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ICTVET 2018) (pp. 471-474). Atlantis Press.

Baum, T. (2002). Skills and training for the hospitality sector: a review of issues. Journal of vocational Education and Training, 54(3), 343-364.

Behera, B., & Gaur, M. (2022). Skill development in India–A literature review. GIS Science Journal, 9(1), 1721–1731.

Blankson, B. (2014). Stakeholders’ perceptions of hospitality and tourism management internship at UCC (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Coast).

Busuttil, L. (2022). The Symbiotic Interaction between Industry and Academia in Tertiary Education: A Case Study on Internships. Informatics in Education-An International Journal, 21(4), 589-603.

Chiu, K. K., Mahat, N. I., Rashid, B., Razak, N. A., & Omar, H. (2016). Assessing students' knowledge and soft skills competency in the industrial training programme: the employers' perspective. Rev. Eur. Stud., 8, 123.

Cho, H. J., Melloch, M. R., & Levesque-Bristol, C. (2021). Enhanced student perceptions of learning and performance using concept-point-recovery teaching sessions: a mixed- method approach. International Journal of STEM Education, 8(1), 1-17.

Christou, E., & Chatzigeorgiou, C. (2019). Experiential learning through industrial placement in hospitality education: The meat in the sandwich. Journal of Contemporary Education Theory & Research (JCETR), 3(2), 31-35.

Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. john wiley & sons. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xbNn41DUrNwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=simple+random+sampling+technique+and+on+the+job+traning&ots=TYsRcEwkh_&sig=Bpkk9W4nhDZBqgup8gi1xr8VWlo

Crnković-Pozaić, S. (2006). Transition from school to work: internships and first entry to the labour market in Croatia. Bureau of Labour Statistics. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.

Das, K., & Barman, A. (2021). Posits of Workplace Competencies in Management Education Research-A review triangulation for discerning NEP-2020 (India)’s relevance. Psychology and education, 58(5), 2271-2308.

Friedman, H. H., Lynch, J. A., & Mintz, C. (2023). Does Higher Education Provide the Necessary Skills and Competencies to Succeed in the Job Market and Life?. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice, 23(7).

Gangotia, A. & Bhatt, K. (2023). Vocational education in tourism at undergraduate level in Himachal Pradesh, India: exploring the gap between industry expectations and academic deliverables, International Journal of Training Research, 21:2, 88-107, DOI: 10.1080/14480220.2022.2152469

Gangotia, A., Bhatt K., & Kumar S. (2022) Vocational education in tourism at schools and colleges of Himachal Pradesh, India: a qualitative inquiry on challenges encountered by trainers, Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 22:4, 378-399, DOI: 10.1080/15313220.2021.2010164

Gonçalves, G., Pego, J., Costa, E., Resende, J., Hatton, P., Gandoy-Crego, M., Facal, D., Dolezel, P., Routil, L., Pospichal, J., Shevtshenko, E., Teodorescu, G., Leal, A., & Duarte, M. (2022). Re-Inventing HEIs to Enhance Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Skills. In EDULEARN22 Proceedings, 5830-5836. DOI: 10.21125/edulearn.2022.1366

Hong, C. M. (2021). Students’ Tendencies in Choosing Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): Analysis of the Influential Factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(3), 2608-2615.

Hsu, H. C. K., Wang, C. V., & Levesque-Bristol, C. (2019). Re-examining the impact of self-determination theory on learning outcomes in the online learning environment. Education and information technologies, 24(3), 2159-2174.in the United States: Toward the Year 2000. NCES 2000–029, Washington, DC: US

Huang, W.-R., & Jao, Y.-J. (2016). Comparison of the influences of structured on-the-job training and classroom training approaches on trainees’ motivation to learn. Human Resource Development International, 19(2), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2015.1096636

Kapareliotis, I., Voutsina, K., & Patsiotis, A. (2019). Internship and employability prospects: Assessing student’s work readiness. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(4), 538–549.

Kapareliotis, I., Voutsina, K., &Patsiotis, A. (2019). Internship and employability prospects: assessing student’s work readiness. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.

Karunaratne, K., &Perera, N. (2019). Students’ perception on the effectiveness of industrial internship programme. Education Quarterly Reviews, 2(4).

Kaushik, M. K. (2014). Vocational Education in India.

Kim, S. K., Kim, J., Lim, D. W., & Lee, E. S. (2017). Success Factors for Sustainable Industry-University Cooperative education; Based on the Case Study of Dongguk University. In 2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF) (pp. 53-59). IEEE.

Lam, T. & Ching, L. (2007). An exploratory study of an internship program: The case of Hong Kong students. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(2), 336-351.

Lenth, R. V. (2001). Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination. The American Statistician, 55(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313001317098149

Levesque, K., Lauen, D., Teitelbaum, P., Alt, M., and Librera, S. 2000. Vocational Education in the United States: Toward the Year 2000 (NCES 2000–029). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Madani, R. A. (2019). Analysis of Educational Quality, a Goal of Education for All Policy. Higher Education Studies, 9(1), 100-109.

Mahajan, R., Gupta, P., & Misra, R. (2022). Employability skills framework: a tripartite approach. Education+ Training, 64(3), 360-379.

Malhotra, R., Massoudi, M., & Jindal, R. (2022). An alumni-based collaborative model to strengthen academia and industry partnership: The current challenges and strengths. Education and Information Technologies, 1-27.

McGrath, S., & Yamada, S. (2023). Skills for development and vocational education and training: Current and emergent trends. International Journal of Educational Development, 102, 102853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102853

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. (2015). National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship-2015. Retrieved from https://www.msde.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-09/National%20Policy%20on%20Skill%20Development%20and%20Entreprenurship%20Final.pdf

Mohammed, N. F., Kassim, C. F. C., & Ismail, P. M. (2020). Students’ Perception on Pedagogical Approaches and its Relation to Exam Performance in Professional Accounting Education. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(2), 116-130.

National Education Policy. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf. Accessed on 19th August 2022.

Niman, N. B., &Chagnon, J. R. (2021). Redesigning the Future of Experiential Learning. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 21(8), 87-98.

Okoye, K., & Hosseini, S. (2024). T-test Statistics in R: Independent Samples, Paired Sample, and One Sample T-tests. In K. Okoye & S. Hosseini (Eds.), R Programming: Statistical Data Analysis in Research (pp. 159–186). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3385-9_8

Otcheskiy, I., Stepanova, D., Bitter, N., Livson, M., Stytsyuk, R., & Denisova, O. (2022). Development of regional tourism: Factors affecting the formation of professional competence in future professionals in tourism. Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7714196

P. Maertz Jr, C., A. Stoeberl, P., & Marks, J. (2014). Building successful internships: Lessons from the research for interns, schools, and employers. Career Development International, 19(1), 123–142.

Panth, B. (2014). Skills development for employability and inclusive growth: Policy dilemmas and priorities in South Asia. PROSPECTS, 44(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-014-9309-y

Petrillose, M. J., & Montgomery, R. (1997). An Exploratory Study of Internship Practices in Hospitality Education and Industry’s Perception of the Importance of Internships in Hospitality Curriculum. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 9(4), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.1997.10685352

Pimentel, T. D. (2022). Tourism as Geopolitical Strategy: The institutional trajectory of tourism public policies in Ecuador. Sovremennye problemy servisa i turizma [Service and Tourism: Current Challenges], 16(1), 42–63. doi: 10.24412/1995-0411-2022-1-42-63.

Rakowska, A., & de Juana-Espinosa, S. (2021). Ready for the future? Employability skills and competencies in the twenty-first century: The view of international experts. Human Systems Management, 40(5), 669-684.

Rochmayanti, F., Kuat, T., & Tentama, F. (2021). Effect of internship performance and work motivation on vocational students’ work readiness. International Journal on Education Insight, 2(2), 45–52.

Schreck, C. M., Weilbach, J. T., & Reitsma, G. M. (2020). Improving graduate attributes by implementing an experiential learning teaching approach: A case study in recreation education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 26, 100214.

Seabra, C. & Bhatt, K. Tourism Sustainability and COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Positive Side? Sustainability 2022, 14, 8723. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148723

Seymour, B., Shick, E., Chaffee, B. W., & Benzian, H. (2017). Going Global: Toward Competency‐Based Best Practices for Global Health in Dental Education. Journal of Dental Education, 81(6), 707–715. https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.016.034

UGC. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/5294663_Salient-Featuresofnep- Eng-merged.pdf. Accessed on 14th April 2021.

Williams, K. M. (2008). An investigation of the professional development practices of vocational education and training educators in the tourism and hospitality sector (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University).

WTTC. (2022). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2022. Retrieved from https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2022/EIR2022-Global%20Trends.pdf Accessed on 14th February 2023.

Yeravdekar, V. R., & Tiwari, G. (2014). Internationalization of higher education and its impact on enhancing corporate competitiveness and comparative skill formation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 157, 203–209.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-29

How to Cite

Ashutosh, K. ., Charak, N. ., Bhatt, . K. ., Kabia, S. K. ., Gangotia, A. ., & Rana, K. . (2025). INTERNSHIP IN INDIAN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION: A CASE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY UNDERGRADUATES. Anais Brasileiros De Estudos Turísticos, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14112037