“Living like a local”: turistificação do espaço urbano em portugal, alojamento local e resposta das políticas públicas

Ana Rita Cruz; Maria Assunção Gato

doi:10.5281/zenodo.10403084

Authors

Ana Rita Cruz Professora Auxiliar na área de Sociologia na Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve
Maria Assunção Gato Sub-diretora e Investigadora integrada do DINÂMIA’CET–ISCTE (Lisboa, Portugal)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10403084

Keywords:

Touristification, Social Impacts of Tourism, Homestay, Public Policies

Abstract

The intensification of tourist activity in Portugal resulted from a government commitment to overcome the economic and financial crisis that hit Portugal from 2010 onwards. This intensification was mainly reflected in urban areas where, before, there was no tourism specialisation, with the cases of the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto being the most outstanding. In terms of public policies, one of the measures that resulted from this framework was the flexibility of the housing rental market through short-term rentals to promote local accommodation to tourists in Portugal. At the same time, international trends signalled a tourist demand very oriented towards urban tourism and, in particular, towards the “live like a local” paradigm. The combination of these factors resulted in an explosion in the supply and demand for local accommodation in Portugal, with direct and profound consequences for urban fabrics and populations. Focusing on the analysis of the evolution of local accommodation in Portugal, in the last decade, this article explores the contribution of this phenomenon to the touristification of urban space, in conjunction with the negative social effects resulting from this process, through the analysis of local accommodation and the public policies that have been addressed to it.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ana Rita Cruz, Professora Auxiliar na área de Sociologia na Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve

Socióloga, doutorada em Turismo e mestre em Gestão e Desenvolvimento de Destinos Turísticos pela Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve (Portugal). Professora Auxiliar na área de Sociologia na Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve. Investigadora integrada do CinTurs – Centro de Investigação sobre Turismo, Sustentabilidade e Bem-estar (Faro, Portugal). Investigadora colaboradora do DINÂMIA’CET-Iscte – Centro de Estudos sobre a Mudança Socioeconómica e o Território (Lisboa, Portugal). CV: https://www.cienciavitae.pt/portal/5D1C-7A38-1221 [arcruz@ualg.pt]

Maria Assunção Gato, Sub-diretora e Investigadora integrada do DINÂMIA’CET–ISCTE (Lisboa, Portugal)

Antropóloga, doutorada em Antropologia Cultural e Social e mestre em Geografia – Gestão do Território pela Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal). Sub-diretora e Investigadora integrada do DINÂMIA’CET–ISCTE (Lisboa, Portugal). Diretora da revista Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios. CV: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//en/0617-D8A7-77F0 [maria.gato@iscte-iul.pt]

References

Aalbers, M. B. (2019). Financial geography II: Financial geographies of housing and real estate. Progress in Human Geography, 43(2), 376–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518819503

Abrantes, J. (2018). A importância das companhias aéreas de baixo custo no desenvolvimento do turismo nas cidades de Lisboa e Porto. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 4(21/22), 393–407.

Atkinson, R., & Bridge, G. (2005). Gentrification in a Global Context: the new urban colonialism. London: Routledge.

Baptista, L., Nofre, J., & Jorge, M. do R. (2018). Mobilidade, Cidade e Turismo: pistas para analisar as transformações em curso no centro histórico de Lisboa. Sociologia: Revista Da Faculdade de Letras Da Universidade Do Porto, Número Tem, 14–32. https://doi.org/10.21747/08723419/soctem2018a1

Cocola-Gant, A. (2020). Tourist Apart Ments, Covid-19, And Platf Orm Capitalism. Finisterra, 55(115), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis20187

Cócola Gant, A. (2015). Tourism and commercial gentrification. In RC21 International Conference on “The Ideal City: between myth and reality. Representations, policies, contradictions and challenges for tomorrow’s urban life” (pp. 27–29). Urbino.

Cócola Gant, A. (2018). Tourism Gentrification. In M. Lees, L and Phillips (Ed.), Handbook of Gentrification Studies (pp. 281–293). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Cócola Gant, A., & Gago, A. (2021). Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: A case study in Lisbon. EPA: Economy and Space, 53(7), 1671–1688.

Colomb, C., & Moreira de Souza, T. (2021). Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, (May).

Corporate Europe Observatory. (2018). Unfairbnb: How online rental platforms use the EU to defeat cities’ affordable housing measures.

Dagkouli-Kyriakoglou, M., Tulumello, S., Cocola-Gant, A., Iacovone, C., & Pettas, D. (2022). Digital mediated short-term rentals in the (post-)pandemic city. Digital Geography and Society, 3(January), 100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2022.100028

Fernandes, J. R., Carvalho, L., Chamusca, P., Gago, A., & Mendes, T. (2019). Lisboa e a Airbnb. Book Cover Editora.

Fernandes, J. R., Chamusca, P., Mendes, T., & Carvalho, L. (2018). O Porto e a Airbnb. Book Cover Editora.

Gato, M. A. (2016). Adding value to urban spaces two examples from lisbon. Etnoloska Tribina, 46(39). https://doi.org/10.15378/1848-9540.2016.39.04

Glass, R. (1964). Introduction. In Centre for Urban Studies (Ed.), London: Aspects of Change (pp. xiii–xlii). MacGibbon & Kee.

Gotham, K. F. (2005). Tourism gentrification: The Case of New Orleans’ Vieux Carre (French Quarter). Urban Studies, 42(7), 1099–1121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500120881

Gotham, K. F. (2018). Assessing and Advancing Research on Tourism Gentrification. Via Tourism Review, 13. https://doi.org/10.4000/viatourism.2169

Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.827159

Jakab, P., & Happ, E. (2017). Impact Assessment between the City and the Company Reputation. Economics and Sociology, 10(1), 279–289.

Lees, Loretta; Shin, Hyun Bang; López-Morales, E. (2016). Conclusion : global gentrifications, (February).

Lees, L., & Ley, D. (2008). Introduction to Special Issue on Gentrification and Public Policy. Urban Studies, 45(12), 2379–2384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008097098

LXHABIDATA (2023). Plataforma sobre Dados da Habitação na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, disponível em https://lxhabidata.iscte-iul.pt/pt/

Marques Pereira, S. (2022). Regulation of short-term rentals in Lisbon: strike a balance between tourism dependence and urban life. Urban Research and Practice, 15(4), 477–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2020.1842901

Milano, C., González-Reverté, F., & Benet Mòdico, A. (2022). The social construction of touristification. Residents’ perspectives on mobilities and moorings. Tourism Geographies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2022.2150785

Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019). Overtourism and Tourismphobia: A Journey Through Four Decades of Tourism Development, Planning and Local Concerns. Tourism Planning and Development, 8316. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604

Mullins, P. (1991). Tourism Urbanization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 15(3), 326–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1991.tb00642.x

Ojeda, A. B., & Kieffer, M. (2020). Touristification. Empty concept or element of analysis in tourism geography? Geoforum, 115, 143–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.06.021

Pordata - Base de Dados de Portugal Contemporâneo. (2023). Dados por Municípios. Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos, Retrieved January 12, 2023 from https://www.pordata.pt/municipios

Richards, G. (2022). Urban tourism as a special type of cultural tourism. In J. van der Borg (Ed.), Research Agenda for Urban Tourism (pp. 31–50). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Smith, N. (1996). The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. Routledge.

TravelBI Open Data. (2023). RNAL - Registo Nacional de Alojamento Local. Turismo de Portugal, IP, Retrieved January 06, 2023 from https://dadosabertos.turismodeportugal.pt/datasets/estabelecimentos-de-al/explore?location=16.976689%2C-8.448950%2C4.00&showTable=true

Wachsmuth, D., & Weisler, A. (2018). Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy. Environment and Planning A, 50(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X18778038

Wijburg, G., Aalbers, M. B., & Heeg, S. (2018). The Financialisation of Rental Housing 2.0: Releasing Housing into the Privatised Mainstream of Capital Accumulation. Antipode, 50(4), 1098–1119. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12382.