Onde está a Simetria? Uma investigação nos documentos oficiais e livros didáticos de Matemática

Abstract

This study presents a review of a research paper about the approach of Symmetry content in textbooks and educational documents. Its objective is to investigate and analyze the proposals for the teaching of symmetries in the final years of Elementary School contained in the national curricular guidelines and the guidelines from the state of Minas Gerais. Also analyzing the approach of this content in two collections of textbooks distributed to Brazilian public schools by the Textbook National Plan (PNLD), in the year 2017. The research is qualitative in nature, with documental and bibliographical analysis techniques. The results of the research show that although the curricular documents encourage and guide the teaching of the different types of symmetries in the final years of Elementary School, as well as their application in different mathematical contexts, not all didactic collections approved by PNLD 2017 and adopted by the brazilian public schools fully meet these proposals. The comparative analysis of the two didactic collections shows that both contain contents of symmetry throughout their volumes, with concrete manipulations, contextualized and interdisciplinary situations, but with different activities, didactic resources and deepening. It is noticed that the collection "Vontade de Saber" offers larger didactical and pedagogical supports to public school teachers, as they meet better the national curricular guidelines that serve as a north to the public school services in the country and in the state of Minas Gerais. These distinctions in the approach to the theme symmetry point to the importance of the choosing of the didactical book as a way to meet the curricular guidelines proposed in the documents and also the reality of each school.