Perfil clínico-funcional e cardiovascular de pacientes inseridos em um programa de reabilitação cardiovascular de um Hospital Universitário

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with a substantial impact on public health. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in improving clinical outcomes; however, patient heterogeneity requires better characterization to optimize therapeutic strategies. Objective: To investigate the demographic, clinical, and functional profile of patients admitted to a CR program at a federal university hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study, with data collection initiated in 2024, was conducted in a CR outpatient clinic using a convenience sample. Patients aged ≥18 years, of both sexes, with cardiovascular disease, clinically stable and referred for CR, were included. Anthropometric variables, cardiovascular variables at rest and after the 6-minute step test (6MST), quality of life (SF-36), religiosity (Duke Scale), cardiovascular disease knowledge (CADE-Q SV), and functional capacity were assessed. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Paired comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon test. Analyses were conducted using Jamovi 2.7, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 21 individuals were evaluated (59.5 ± 12.6 years; 66.7% women), with obesity (BMI 33.6 ± 7.8 kg/m²), NYHA functional class II–III, and left ventricular ejection fraction of 49.8% ± 15.9. The main comorbidities were hypertension (85.7%), coronary artery disease (52.3%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (33.3%). In the 6MST, participants achieved 72.3% of the predicted value, indicating reduced functional capacity, with a double product of 16,764 ± 5,213. SF-36 scores indicated global impairment in quality of life. Conclusion: Patients undergoing CR present a heterogeneous profile, predominantly middle-aged, female, with obesity, multiple comorbidities, and functional limitations. These findings support the need for individualized therapeutic strategies and the expansion of access to CR within the public health system.