Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor associated with acute myocardial infarction in young adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Palavras-chave:
Myocardial infarction, Metabolic syndrome, Young adultResumo
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young adults is a growing public health problem, due to its functional and socioeconomic impact on this population. Among the risk factors, metabolic syndrome (MetS) stands out for its association with a higher incidence and worse prognosis of AMI. Objective: The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between MetS and AMI in adults and young adults. Material and Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, SciELO and Web of Science databases, without language or period restrictions. Observational studies that evaluated individuals in the age range between 18 and 50 years, diagnosed with AMI and MetS according to NCEP ATP III, IDF, or WHO criteria, were included. Article selection and data extraction were performed using the Rayyan QCRI platform, the risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, and statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio 2023.12.0. Results: Fifteen studies met the criteria, totaling 3,339 patients with AMI. The association meta-analysis demonstrated that the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with an almost four times greater risk of AMI in young individuals (OR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.98–7.93), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 68%). The prevalence of MetS in myocardial infarction patients was 54% (95% CI: 49–59) according to the NCEP ATP III criteria, and 58% (95% CI: 49–67) according to the IDF. Conclusion: Despite the heterogeneity among the studies, the findings reinforce the strong association between metabolic syndrome and AMI in young adults, highlighting its high prevalence in this population, and may support the development of more effective strategies and public policies to reduce cases of AMI.
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