Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with the presence of cavitated caries lesions in the first permanent molar of children with mixed dentition
Keywords:
Permanent Teeth, Sociodemographic Factors, Dental Caries, Oral HygieneAbstract
Introduction: Dental caries is a highly prevalent, multifactorial disease considered a significant public health problem, especially in vulnerable populations. The first permanent molar (FPM) is the most commonly affected tooth, and early loss is common. Objective: To assess the prevalence of children with cavitated caries in the FPM and to establish associated clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study based on the analysis of medical records of children aged 5 to 12 years treated at the Pediatric Dentistry clinics of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Governador Valadares Campus. Convenience sampling was used, including only medical records of children with mixed dentition and no systemic alterations. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health habits, diet, and clinical examinations was collected. The dependent variable was the presence of cavitated caries in the FPM. The data were organized in SPSS 24.0 and submitted to descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) and adjusted and unadjusted Poisson regression. Results: It was observed that 77 children (28%) had at least one first permanent molar with cavitated caries lesion. The adjusted analysis indicated a higher prevalence of the disease in children aged 8 to 10 years (PR: 2.080; p=0.014) and 11 to 12 years (PR: 2.394; p=0.006). Other associated factors were: low level of education of the guardian (<9 years of study; PR: 2.110; p=0.041), prolonged use of a bottle for more than 24 months (PR: 6.301; p=0.002) and presence of untreated cavitated caries in deciduous teeth (PR: 2.208; p=0.010). Conclusion: The prevalence of children with cavitated caries lesions in the first permanent molar was considered high and greater in older children, whose guardians had a lower level of education, who used a bottle for more than 2 years and who had untreated caries lesions in deciduous teeth.
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