Falsas memorias: Procesos paralelos o en serie?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2020.v14.30384Palabras clave:
Falsas memorias, Processos paralelos y em serie, Tiempo de reaccíonResumen
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar procesos paralelos y seriales en memorias falsas (FM). En un diseño de 3 x 3 x 3, los factores carga de memoria (3, 5 y 7 ítens), tipo de item (presentado, distractor crítico y distractor no relacionado) y tiempo de exposición de los ítens (750, 1.500 y 3.000 milisegundos). El tiempo de reacción aumentó linealmente con el aumento de la carga de memoria, lo que indica que los procesos en serie actúan en el procesamiento de objetivos y recuerdos falsos. Hubo un aumento en el porcentaje de errores para ítens memorizados y distractores críticos a medida que aumentaba el tiempo de exposición. Los datos se discutieron en términos de las teorías del escaneo de memoria y la activación/monitoreo.
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Abadie, M. & Camos, V. (2019). False memory ant short and long term. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148, 1312-1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000526
Albuquerque, P. B. (2005). Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 3, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.14417/lp.766
Alves, C. M.; Lopes, E. J. (2007). Falsas Memórias: Questões teórico-metodológicas. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 17, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2007000100005
Arndt, J. & Hirshman, E. (1998). True and false recognition in MINERVA 2: Explanations from a global matching perspective. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 371-391.
Atkins, A.S. & Reuter-Lorenz, P.A. (2008). False working memory? Semantic distortion in a mere 4 seconds. Memory & Cognition, 36, 74-81. Doi: 10.3758/MC.36.1.74
Brewin, C.R. & Andrews, B. (2017). Creating memories for false autobiographical events in childhood: A systematic review. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31, 2-23. DOI:10.1002/acp.3220
Bruce, D. & Winograd, E. (1998). Remebering Deese’s 1959 articles: The Zeitgeist, the sociology of science, and false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 615-624.
Coane, J. H.; McBride, D. M.; Raulerson, B., III; Jordan, J. S. (2007). False memory in a short-term memory task. Experimental Psychology, 54, 62-70. DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.62
Deese, J. (1959). On the predictions of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate
recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046671
Gallo, D.A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
Gallo, D. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38, 833-848. Doi:10.3758/MC.38.7.833
Hair Jr., J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (2005). Análise multivariada de dados (5a. ed.). Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Jaeger, A., Galera, C.A., Stein, L.M., & Lopes, E.J. (2016). Human memory research: Current hypotheses and new perspectives. Estudos de Psicologia, 21, 92-103. DOI: 10.5935/1678-4669.20160010
Johanson, M.; Stenberg, G. (2002). Inducing and reducing false memories: A Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00305
Jou, J., Arredondo, M.L., Li, C., Escamilla, E.E., & Zuniga, R. (2017). The effects of increasing semantic-associate list length on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false recognition memory: Dual false-memory process in retrieval from sub and supraspan lists. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 2076-2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1222446
Kirkpatrick, E.A. (1894). An experimental study of memory. Psychological Review, 1, 602-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0068244
Laney, C. & Loftus, E.F. (2013). Recent advances in false memory research. South African Journal of Psychology, 43, 137-146. DOI:10.177/0081246313484236 sap.sagepub.com
Loftus, E. F. (2017). Eavesdropping on memory. Annual Review Psychology, 68, 1-18. Doi:10.1146/annur-psych-010416-044138
Lopes. E.J. & Garcia, R.B. (2014). On the possibility of using reaction time to study false memories. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7, 393-397. DOI:10.3922/j.psns.2014.047
Lopes, E.J. & Rossini, J.C. (2018). Falsas memórias. In R.B. Saraiva e G.M. Castilho (Org.), Psicologia do testemunho ocular: aplicações no contexto forense e criminal (pp. 63-81). Curitiba: Juruá.
Machado, F. & Lopes. E.J. (2012). Falsas memórias no Teste Pictórico de Memória. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25, 756-763. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722012000400015
Mazzoni, G.; Scoboria, A. (2007). False memories. In: F. T. Durso, R.S. Nickerson, S.T. Dumais, S. Lewandowsky, & T.J. Perfect (Eds.) Handbook of Applied Cognition(2nd Ed) (pp. 787-813). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
McDermott, K.B. & Watson, J.M. (2001). The rise and fall of false recall: The impact of presentation duration. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2771
Neruda, P. (1980). Confesso que vivi: Memórias (12ª Ed.). São Paulo: DIFEL.
Oliveira, H.M., Albuquerque, P.B., & Saraiva, M. (2018). The study of false memories: historical reflection. Trends in Psychology, 26, 1775-1885. DOI:10.9788/TP2018.4-03En
Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “false memory”, and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 2-17. Doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.006
Roediger, H.L., Balota, D.A. & Watson, J.M. (2001). Spreading activation and arousal of false memories. In H.L. Roediger, J.S. Nairne, I. Neath & A.M. Surprenant (Eds.) The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 95-115). Washington, DC: APA Press.
Roediger, H. L., III; McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21, 803-814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
Roediger, H.L., McDermott, K.B., & Robinson, K.J. (1998). The role of associative processes in creating false memories. In M.A. Conway, S.E. Gathercole e C. Cornoldi (Eds.) Theories of Memory (Vol. II, pp. 187-245). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Rueda, F. J. M., & Sisto, F. F. (2007). Teste Pictórico de Memória(TEPIC-M). São Paulo, SP: Vetor Editora Psicopedagógica.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2007). E-Prime 2.0 professional. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
Seamon, J.G., Luo, C.R., & Gallo, D.A. (1998). Creating false memories of words with or without recognition of list items. Psychological Science, 9, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00004
Sene, A.S., Lopes, E.J., & Rossini, J.C. (2014). Falsas memórias e tempo de reação: estudo com o procedimento de palavras associadas. Psychologica (Coimbra), 57, 23-38. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_57_1_2
Smith, T.A., & Kimball, D.R. (2012). Revisiting the rise and fall of false recall: Presentation rate effects depend on retention interval. Memory, 20, 535-553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.684881.
Stadler, M.A., Roediger, H.L., & McDermott, K.B. (1999). Norms for word lists that create false memories. Memory & Cognition, 27, 494-500.
Stein, L.M. (2010). Falsas memórias: Fundamentos científicos e suas aplicações clínicas e jurídicas. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Stein, L. M.; Feix, L. F.; Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722006000200002
Sternberg, S. (1966). High speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654. DOI: 10.1126/science.153.3736.652
Sternberg, S. (1975). Memory scanning: new findings and current controversies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, 1-32.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14640747508400459
Sternberg, S. (2001). Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them. Acta Psychologica, 106, 107-246. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00045-7
Sternberg, S. (2016). In defence of high-speed memory scanning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 2020-2075.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1198820
Townsend, J.T. (1990). Serial vs. parallel processing: Sometimes they look like Tweedledum and Tweedlee but they can (and should) be distinguished. Psychological Science, 1, 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00067.x
Townsend, J.T. & Ashby, F.G. (1983). Stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Van Zandt, T. & Townsend, J.T. (1993). Self-terminating versus exhaustive processes in rapid visual and memory search: An evaluative review. Perception & Psychophysics, 53, 563-580. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03205204
Albuquerque, P. B. (2005). Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 3, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.14417/lp.766
Alves, C. M.; Lopes, E. J. (2007). Falsas Memórias: Questões teórico-metodológicas. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 17, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2007000100005
Arndt, J. & Hirshman, E. (1998). True and false recognition in MINERVA 2: Explanations from a global matching perspective. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 371-391.
Atkins, A.S. & Reuter-Lorenz, P.A. (2008). False working memory? Semantic distortion in a mere 4 seconds. Memory & Cognition, 36, 74-81. Doi: 10.3758/MC.36.1.74
Brewin, C.R. & Andrews, B. (2017). Creating memories for false autobiographical events in childhood: A systematic review. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31, 2-23. DOI:10.1002/acp.3220
Bruce, D. & Winograd, E. (1998). Remebering Deese’s 1959 articles: The Zeitgeist, the sociology of science, and false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 615-624.
Coane, J. H.; McBride, D. M.; Raulerson, B., III; Jordan, J. S. (2007). False memory in a short-term memory task. Experimental Psychology, 54, 62-70. DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.62
Deese, J. (1959). On the predictions of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate
recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046671
Gallo, D.A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
Gallo, D. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38, 833-848. Doi:10.3758/MC.38.7.833
Hair Jr., J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (2005). Análise multivariada de dados (5a. ed.). Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Jaeger, A., Galera, C.A., Stein, L.M., & Lopes, E.J. (2016). Human memory research: Current hypotheses and new perspectives. Estudos de Psicologia, 21, 92-103. DOI: 10.5935/1678-4669.20160010
Johanson, M.; Stenberg, G. (2002). Inducing and reducing false memories: A Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00305
Jou, J., Arredondo, M.L., Li, C., Escamilla, E.E., & Zuniga, R. (2017). The effects of increasing semantic-associate list length on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false recognition memory: Dual false-memory process in retrieval from sub and supraspan lists. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 2076-2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1222446
Kirkpatrick, E.A. (1894). An experimental study of memory. Psychological Review, 1, 602-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0068244
Laney, C. & Loftus, E.F. (2013). Recent advances in false memory research. South African Journal of Psychology, 43, 137-146. DOI:10.177/0081246313484236 sap.sagepub.com
Loftus, E. F. (2017). Eavesdropping on memory. Annual Review Psychology, 68, 1-18. Doi:10.1146/annur-psych-010416-044138
Lopes. E.J. & Garcia, R.B. (2014). On the possibility of using reaction time to study false memories. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7, 393-397. DOI:10.3922/j.psns.2014.047
Lopes, E.J. & Rossini, J.C. (2018). Falsas memórias. In R.B. Saraiva e G.M. Castilho (Org.), Psicologia do testemunho ocular: aplicações no contexto forense e criminal (pp. 63-81). Curitiba: Juruá.
Machado, F. & Lopes. E.J. (2012). Falsas memórias no Teste Pictórico de Memória. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25, 756-763. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722012000400015
Mazzoni, G.; Scoboria, A. (2007). False memories. In: F. T. Durso, R.S. Nickerson, S.T. Dumais, S. Lewandowsky, & T.J. Perfect (Eds.) Handbook of Applied Cognition(2nd Ed) (pp. 787-813). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
McDermott, K.B. & Watson, J.M. (2001). The rise and fall of false recall: The impact of presentation duration. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2771
Neruda, P. (1980). Confesso que vivi: Memórias (12ª Ed.). São Paulo: DIFEL.
Oliveira, H.M., Albuquerque, P.B., & Saraiva, M. (2018). The study of false memories: historical reflection. Trends in Psychology, 26, 1775-1885. DOI:10.9788/TP2018.4-03En
Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “false memory”, and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 2-17. Doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.006
Roediger, H.L., Balota, D.A. & Watson, J.M. (2001). Spreading activation and arousal of false memories. In H.L. Roediger, J.S. Nairne, I. Neath & A.M. Surprenant (Eds.) The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 95-115). Washington, DC: APA Press.
Roediger, H. L., III; McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21, 803-814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
Roediger, H.L., McDermott, K.B., & Robinson, K.J. (1998). The role of associative processes in creating false memories. In M.A. Conway, S.E. Gathercole e C. Cornoldi (Eds.) Theories of Memory (Vol. II, pp. 187-245). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Rueda, F. J. M., & Sisto, F. F. (2007). Teste Pictórico de Memória(TEPIC-M). São Paulo, SP: Vetor Editora Psicopedagógica.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2007). E-Prime 2.0 professional. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
Seamon, J.G., Luo, C.R., & Gallo, D.A. (1998). Creating false memories of words with or without recognition of list items. Psychological Science, 9, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00004
Sene, A.S., Lopes, E.J., & Rossini, J.C. (2014). Falsas memórias e tempo de reação: estudo com o procedimento de palavras associadas. Psychologica (Coimbra), 57, 23-38. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_57_1_2
Smith, T.A., & Kimball, D.R. (2012). Revisiting the rise and fall of false recall: Presentation rate effects depend on retention interval. Memory, 20, 535-553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.684881.
Stadler, M.A., Roediger, H.L., & McDermott, K.B. (1999). Norms for word lists that create false memories. Memory & Cognition, 27, 494-500.
Stein, L.M. (2010). Falsas memórias: Fundamentos científicos e suas aplicações clínicas e jurídicas. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Stein, L. M.; Feix, L. F.; Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722006000200002
Sternberg, S. (1966). High speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654. DOI: 10.1126/science.153.3736.652
Sternberg, S. (1975). Memory scanning: new findings and current controversies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, 1-32.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14640747508400459
Sternberg, S. (2001). Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them. Acta Psychologica, 106, 107-246. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00045-7
Sternberg, S. (2016). In defence of high-speed memory scanning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 2020-2075.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1198820
Townsend, J.T. (1990). Serial vs. parallel processing: Sometimes they look like Tweedledum and Tweedlee but they can (and should) be distinguished. Psychological Science, 1, 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00067.x
Townsend, J.T. & Ashby, F.G. (1983). Stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Van Zandt, T. & Townsend, J.T. (1993). Self-terminating versus exhaustive processes in rapid visual and memory search: An evaluative review. Perception & Psychophysics, 53, 563-580. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03205204
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2020-10-04
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Número Temático: Cérebro & Mente: Interações
