Effects of omega 3 supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2019.v45.26405Keywords:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Insulin Resistance, Functional FoodAbstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal dysfunction that affects women of childbearing age and can cause infertility, changes in the menstrual cycle, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, amenorrhea, and metabolic disorders. Among the metabolic changes insulin resistance (IR) is present in 70.5% of Brazilians with PCOS. Objective: To systematically review the literature to describe the effects of omega-3 supplementation on IR in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: Information searches were performed in the PubMed and LILACS database using the descriptors "polycystic ovarian syndrome"; "fatty acids omega-3" and "insulin resistance", in Portuguese and English. Results: Sixty studies were found and six were selected to compose this review. In the total of the clinical trials included in this review, 326 women aged 18-45 years were evaluated with variations in body mass index between 25 and 45 kg/m2. The variation in follow-up time between the studies was from 2 to 6 months. Discussion: In all studies included in this review, serum glucose homeostasis was assessed by the HOMA index. Only 1 study evaluated the quantitative index of insulin sensitivity (QUICK1); 2 studies evaluated glycated hemoglobin and insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI). The evaluation of fasting insulinemia was performed in 4 studies. Half of the included studies supplemented patients with 1000 mg omega-3 daily, while 25% of the studies used the dosage of 2000 mg / day 25% used 4000 mg / day. Most of the researches (67%) described a positive effect between omega-3 supplementation and improvement of IR in women with PCOS, using the different dosing methods for serum glucose homeostasis. Conclusion: It is concluded that omega-3 consumption may have a positive effect on IR.
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