How do women evaluate facial expressions of happiness and pain?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2020.v14.30256Abstract
The facial expression of pain can provoke different behavioral reactions. However, it is not clear whether the face of pain evokes slower or faster motor responses when compared with positive valence expression and its interaction with the gender of the person who demonstrates facial expression. The objective of this work was to evaluate the motor response pattern of women in a task of recognizing facial expressions of happiness and pain in female and male faces. In the experimental task, 32 students classified dynamic facial emotions of men and women among the options of happiness and pain, and manual reaction time (MRT) responses were recorded. The ANOVA indicated a difference between male and female faces only for the identification of pain (p = 0.001), but not happiness (p = 0.064). In this case, the pain was recognized more quickly on the male face (TRM = 625.1 ms) compared to the female face (TRM = 668.0 ms). It is considered that this pattern of motor response may be related to the detection of potentially threatening situations in the environment, with the possibility of being studied in people with chronic pain.
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References
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Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126(1-3), 309-318. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.033
Stins, J. F., Roelofs, K., Villan, J., Kooijman, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Beek, P. J. (2011). Walk to me when I smile, step back when I'm angry: emotional faces modulate whole-body approach-avoidance behaviors. Exp Brain Res, 212(4), 603-611. doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2767-z
Sun, Y. B., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, J. Y., & Luo, F. (2015). Emotional mimicry signals pain empathy as evidenced by facial electromyography. Sci Rep, 5, 16988. doi:10.1038/srep16988
Vachon-Presseau, E., Martel, M. O., Roy, M., Caron, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2011). The multilevel organization of vicarious pain responses: effects of pain cues and empathy traits on spinal nociception and acute pain. Pain, 152(7), 1525-1531. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.039
Williams, A. C. (2002). Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav Brain Sci, 25(4), 439-455; discussion 455-488. doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000080
Xiong, R. C., Fu, X., Wu, L. Z., Zhang, C. H., Wu, H. X., Shi, Y., & Wu, W. (2019). Brain pathways of pain empathy activated by pained facial expressions: a meta-analysis of fMRI using the activation likelihood estimation method. Neural Regen Res, 14(1), 172-178. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.243722
Botvinick, M., Jha, A. P., Bylsma, L. M., Fabian, S. A., Solomon, P. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2005). Viewing facial expressions of pain engages cortical areas involved in the direct experience of pain. Neuroimage, 25(1), 312-319. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.043
Conde, E. F. Q. (2011). Influências da afetividade humana nos testes de compatibilidade estímulo-resposta. (Tese de doutorado).
de Wied, M., & Verbaten, M. N. (2001). Affective pictures processing, attention, and pain tolerance. Pain, 90(1-2), 163-172. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00400-0
Do Nascimento, P. F. D., Alves, N. T., Fernandes, A. M., Da Silva, J. A., Gawryszewski, L. D. G., & Lameira, A. P. (2018). O efeito Simon induzido pela direção do olhar em faces de dor e alegria. Psico, 49(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2018.1.26876
Donges, U. S., Kersting, A., & Suslow, T. (2012). Women's greater ability to perceive happy facial emotion automatically: gender differences in affective priming. PLoS One, 7(7), e41745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041745
Gea, J., Munoz, M. A., Costa, I., Ciria, L. F., Miranda, J. G., & Montoya, P. (2014). Viewing pain and happy faces elicited similar changes in postural body sway. PLoS One, 9(8), e104381. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104381
Gonzalez-Roldan, A. M., Martinez-Jauand, M., Munoz-Garcia, M. A., Sitges, C., Cifre, I., & Montoya, P. (2011). Temporal dissociation in the brain processing of pain and anger faces with different intensities of emotional expression. Pain, 152(4), 853-859. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.037
Hoffmann, H., Kessler, H., Eppel, T., Rukavina, S., & Traue, H. C. (2010). Expression intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women recognize only subtle facial emotions better than men. Acta Psychol (Amst), 135(3), 278-283. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.012
Jauniaux, J., Khatibi, A., Rainville, P., & Jackson, P. L. (2019). A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on pain empathy: investigating the role of visual information and observers' perspective. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 14(8), 789-813. doi:10.1093/scan/nsz055
Kappesser, J. (2019). The facial expression of pain in humans considered from a social perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 374(1785), 20190284. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0284
Leppänen, J. M., Tenhunen, M., & Hietanen, J. K. (2003). Faster choice-reaction times to positive than to negative facial expressions: The role of cognitive and motor processes. Journal of Psychophysiology, 17(3), 113-123. https://doi. org/10.1027//0269-8803.17.3.113
Mailhot, J. P., Vachon-Presseau, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2012). Dispositional empathy modulates vicarious effects of dynamic pain expressions on spinal nociception, facial responses and acute pain. Eur J Neurosci, 35(2), 271-278. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07953.x
Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97-113. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
Prkachin, K. M., & Craig, K. D. (1994). Expressing pain: the communication and interpretation of facial pain signals. J Nonverbal Behav, 19, 191-205.
Radke, S., Guths, F., Andre, J. A., Muller, B. W., & de Bruijn, E. R. (2014). In action or inaction? Social approach-avoidance tendencies in major depression. Psychiatry Res, 219(3), 513-517. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.011
Riva, P., Sacchi, S., Montali, L., & Frigerio, A. (2011). Gender effects in pain detection: speed and accuracy in decoding female and male pain expressions. Eur J Pain, 15(9), 985.e981-985.e911. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.02.006
Roelofs, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Stins, J. (2010). Facing freeze: social threat induces bodily freeze in humans. Psychol Sci, 21(11), 1575-1581. doi:10.1177/0956797610384746
Roelofs, K., Putman, P., Schouten, S., Lange, W. G., Volman, I., & Rinck, M. (2010). Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 290-294. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.008
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Finkelmeyer, A., Schneider, F., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). Implicit and explicit behavioral tendencies in male and female depression. Psychiatry Res, 177(1-2), 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.001
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Kirschner, M., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 36(2), 500-507. doi:10.1037/a0018169
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Gosselin, F., Belin, P., & Rainville, P. (2008). Recognition and discrimination of prototypical dynamic expressions of pain and emotions. Pain, 135(1-2), 55-64. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.008
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126(1-3), 309-318. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.033
Stins, J. F., Roelofs, K., Villan, J., Kooijman, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Beek, P. J. (2011). Walk to me when I smile, step back when I'm angry: emotional faces modulate whole-body approach-avoidance behaviors. Exp Brain Res, 212(4), 603-611. doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2767-z
Sun, Y. B., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, J. Y., & Luo, F. (2015). Emotional mimicry signals pain empathy as evidenced by facial electromyography. Sci Rep, 5, 16988. doi:10.1038/srep16988
Vachon-Presseau, E., Martel, M. O., Roy, M., Caron, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2011). The multilevel organization of vicarious pain responses: effects of pain cues and empathy traits on spinal nociception and acute pain. Pain, 152(7), 1525-1531. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.039
Williams, A. C. (2002). Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav Brain Sci, 25(4), 439-455; discussion 455-488. doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000080
Xiong, R. C., Fu, X., Wu, L. Z., Zhang, C. H., Wu, H. X., Shi, Y., & Wu, W. (2019). Brain pathways of pain empathy activated by pained facial expressions: a meta-analysis of fMRI using the activation likelihood estimation method. Neural Regen Res, 14(1), 172-178. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.243722
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Published
2020-10-24
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Section
Número Temático Cérebro & Mente: Reflexões e Processos Psicológicos Básicos
