Como mulheres avaliam expressões faciais de alegria e dor?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2020.v14.30256Resumo
A expressão facial de dor pode provocar diferentes reações comportamentais. Todavia, ainda não está claro se a face de dor evoca respostas motoras mais lentas ou mais rápidas, quando comparada à expressão com valência positiva, e sua interação com o sexo da pessoa que demonstra a expressão facial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o padrão de resposta motora de mulheres em uma tarefa de reconhecimento de expressões faciais de alegria e dor em faces femininas e masculinas. Na tarefa experimental, 32 estudantes classificaram emoções faciais dinâmicas de homens e mulheres entre as opções de alegria e dor, sendo registradas as respostas de tempo de reação manual (TRM). A ANOVA indicou uma diferença entre faces masculinas e femininas apenas para a identificação da dor (p = 0,001), mas não da alegria (p = 0,064). Neste caso, a dor foi reconhecida mais rapidamente na face masculina (TRM = 625,1 ms) que na face feminina (TRM = 668,0 ms). Considera-se que este padrão de resposta motora pode estar relacionado à detecção de situações potencialmente ameaçadoras no ambiente, com possibilidade de ser estudado em pessoas com dor crônica.
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Referências
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Roelofs, K., Putman, P., Schouten, S., Lange, W. G., Volman, I., & Rinck, M. (2010). Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 290-294. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.008
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Finkelmeyer, A., Schneider, F., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). Implicit and explicit behavioral tendencies in male and female depression. Psychiatry Res, 177(1-2), 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.001
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Kirschner, M., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 36(2), 500-507. doi:10.1037/a0018169
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Gosselin, F., Belin, P., & Rainville, P. (2008). Recognition and discrimination of prototypical dynamic expressions of pain and emotions. Pain, 135(1-2), 55-64. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.008
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126(1-3), 309-318. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.033
Stins, J. F., Roelofs, K., Villan, J., Kooijman, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Beek, P. J. (2011). Walk to me when I smile, step back when I'm angry: emotional faces modulate whole-body approach-avoidance behaviors. Exp Brain Res, 212(4), 603-611. doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2767-z
Sun, Y. B., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, J. Y., & Luo, F. (2015). Emotional mimicry signals pain empathy as evidenced by facial electromyography. Sci Rep, 5, 16988. doi:10.1038/srep16988
Vachon-Presseau, E., Martel, M. O., Roy, M., Caron, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2011). The multilevel organization of vicarious pain responses: effects of pain cues and empathy traits on spinal nociception and acute pain. Pain, 152(7), 1525-1531. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.039
Williams, A. C. (2002). Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav Brain Sci, 25(4), 439-455; discussion 455-488. doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000080
Xiong, R. C., Fu, X., Wu, L. Z., Zhang, C. H., Wu, H. X., Shi, Y., & Wu, W. (2019). Brain pathways of pain empathy activated by pained facial expressions: a meta-analysis of fMRI using the activation likelihood estimation method. Neural Regen Res, 14(1), 172-178. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.243722
Botvinick, M., Jha, A. P., Bylsma, L. M., Fabian, S. A., Solomon, P. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2005). Viewing facial expressions of pain engages cortical areas involved in the direct experience of pain. Neuroimage, 25(1), 312-319. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.043
Conde, E. F. Q. (2011). Influências da afetividade humana nos testes de compatibilidade estímulo-resposta. (Tese de doutorado).
de Wied, M., & Verbaten, M. N. (2001). Affective pictures processing, attention, and pain tolerance. Pain, 90(1-2), 163-172. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00400-0
Do Nascimento, P. F. D., Alves, N. T., Fernandes, A. M., Da Silva, J. A., Gawryszewski, L. D. G., & Lameira, A. P. (2018). O efeito Simon induzido pela direção do olhar em faces de dor e alegria. Psico, 49(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2018.1.26876
Donges, U. S., Kersting, A., & Suslow, T. (2012). Women's greater ability to perceive happy facial emotion automatically: gender differences in affective priming. PLoS One, 7(7), e41745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041745
Gea, J., Munoz, M. A., Costa, I., Ciria, L. F., Miranda, J. G., & Montoya, P. (2014). Viewing pain and happy faces elicited similar changes in postural body sway. PLoS One, 9(8), e104381. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104381
Gonzalez-Roldan, A. M., Martinez-Jauand, M., Munoz-Garcia, M. A., Sitges, C., Cifre, I., & Montoya, P. (2011). Temporal dissociation in the brain processing of pain and anger faces with different intensities of emotional expression. Pain, 152(4), 853-859. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.037
Hoffmann, H., Kessler, H., Eppel, T., Rukavina, S., & Traue, H. C. (2010). Expression intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women recognize only subtle facial emotions better than men. Acta Psychol (Amst), 135(3), 278-283. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.012
Jauniaux, J., Khatibi, A., Rainville, P., & Jackson, P. L. (2019). A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on pain empathy: investigating the role of visual information and observers' perspective. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 14(8), 789-813. doi:10.1093/scan/nsz055
Kappesser, J. (2019). The facial expression of pain in humans considered from a social perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 374(1785), 20190284. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0284
Leppänen, J. M., Tenhunen, M., & Hietanen, J. K. (2003). Faster choice-reaction times to positive than to negative facial expressions: The role of cognitive and motor processes. Journal of Psychophysiology, 17(3), 113-123. https://doi. org/10.1027//0269-8803.17.3.113
Mailhot, J. P., Vachon-Presseau, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2012). Dispositional empathy modulates vicarious effects of dynamic pain expressions on spinal nociception, facial responses and acute pain. Eur J Neurosci, 35(2), 271-278. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07953.x
Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97-113. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
Prkachin, K. M., & Craig, K. D. (1994). Expressing pain: the communication and interpretation of facial pain signals. J Nonverbal Behav, 19, 191-205.
Radke, S., Guths, F., Andre, J. A., Muller, B. W., & de Bruijn, E. R. (2014). In action or inaction? Social approach-avoidance tendencies in major depression. Psychiatry Res, 219(3), 513-517. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.011
Riva, P., Sacchi, S., Montali, L., & Frigerio, A. (2011). Gender effects in pain detection: speed and accuracy in decoding female and male pain expressions. Eur J Pain, 15(9), 985.e981-985.e911. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.02.006
Roelofs, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Stins, J. (2010). Facing freeze: social threat induces bodily freeze in humans. Psychol Sci, 21(11), 1575-1581. doi:10.1177/0956797610384746
Roelofs, K., Putman, P., Schouten, S., Lange, W. G., Volman, I., & Rinck, M. (2010). Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 290-294. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.008
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Finkelmeyer, A., Schneider, F., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). Implicit and explicit behavioral tendencies in male and female depression. Psychiatry Res, 177(1-2), 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.001
Seidel, E. M., Habel, U., Kirschner, M., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010). The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 36(2), 500-507. doi:10.1037/a0018169
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Gosselin, F., Belin, P., & Rainville, P. (2008). Recognition and discrimination of prototypical dynamic expressions of pain and emotions. Pain, 135(1-2), 55-64. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.008
Simon, D., Craig, K. D., Miltner, W. H., & Rainville, P. (2006). Brain responses to dynamic facial expressions of pain. Pain, 126(1-3), 309-318. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.033
Stins, J. F., Roelofs, K., Villan, J., Kooijman, K., Hagenaars, M. A., & Beek, P. J. (2011). Walk to me when I smile, step back when I'm angry: emotional faces modulate whole-body approach-avoidance behaviors. Exp Brain Res, 212(4), 603-611. doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2767-z
Sun, Y. B., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, J. Y., & Luo, F. (2015). Emotional mimicry signals pain empathy as evidenced by facial electromyography. Sci Rep, 5, 16988. doi:10.1038/srep16988
Vachon-Presseau, E., Martel, M. O., Roy, M., Caron, E., Jackson, P. L., & Rainville, P. (2011). The multilevel organization of vicarious pain responses: effects of pain cues and empathy traits on spinal nociception and acute pain. Pain, 152(7), 1525-1531. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.039
Williams, A. C. (2002). Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav Brain Sci, 25(4), 439-455; discussion 455-488. doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000080
Xiong, R. C., Fu, X., Wu, L. Z., Zhang, C. H., Wu, H. X., Shi, Y., & Wu, W. (2019). Brain pathways of pain empathy activated by pained facial expressions: a meta-analysis of fMRI using the activation likelihood estimation method. Neural Regen Res, 14(1), 172-178. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.243722
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Publicado
2020-10-24
Edição
Seção
Número Temático Cérebro & Mente: Reflexões e Processos Psicológicos Básicos
