Correlations between ANB, Wits and soft-tissue facial profile in a Brazilian population sample
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2024.v50.45531Palavras-chave:
Cefalometria, Registo da Relação Maxilomandibular, Maxila, Mandíbula, OrtodontiaResumo
Introduction: The ANB angle and the Wits appraisal are common cephalometric tools for assessing anteroposterior jaw discrepancies. Assessment of a patient’s anatomy in the anteroposterior disharmony of the maxillary and mandibular should not be limited to hard-tissue relationships, but should also consider soft tissue involvement, such as the soft tissue facial profile angle. Objective: To evaluate the correlations between sagittal skeletal relationships established through ANB angle and Wits appraisal and to evaluate the soft-tissue facial profile angle, assessed by the G-Sn-Pog’ angle. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 300 individuals (129 male and 171 female). The ANB angle, the Wits appraisal, and by the G-Sn-Pog’ angle were obtained through lateral cephalograms. The facial profile was categorized into three groups. The correlation coefficients between ANB angle and Wits appraisal and between the soft-tissue facial profile angle and skeletal pattern were evaluated. Results: A significant correlation (p <.001) was observed between ANB angle and Wits appraisal (r= .738), between G-Sn-Pog’ and ANB angle (r= -.708), and between G-Sn-Pog’ and Wits appraisal (r= -.586). When assessed separately according to different groups of soft-tissue facial profiles, there was a weak correlation between ANB and Wits assessment in the low soft-tissue facial profile angle subjects (Group II), and a moderate correlation in the high soft-tissue facial profile angle subjects (Group III). Conclusion: The correlation between ANB angle and Wits was moderate to high, except in Group II soft-tissue facial profile subjects.
Downloads
Referências
Del Santo M. Influence of occlusal plane inclination on ANB and Wits assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationships. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 129(5):641-8.
Zupancic S, Pohar M, Farcnik F, Ovsenik M. Overjet as a predictor of sagittal skeletal relationships. Eur J Orthod. 2008; 30(3):269-73.
Al-Hamlan N, Al-Eissa B, Al-Hiyasat AS, Albalawi FS, Ahmed AE. Correlation of dental and skeletal malocclusions in sagittal plane among Saudi orthodontic patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015; 16(5):353-9.
Palla A, Kumar DN, Mandava P, Shamnur N, Kumar GNA, Reddeepa SK et al. Comparative assessment of sagittal skeletal discrepancy: a cephalometric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(4):38-41.
Riedel RA. An analysis of dentofacial relationships. Am J Orthod. 1957; 43(2):103-19.
Jacobson A. The “wits” appraisal of jaw disharmony. Am J Orthod. 1975; 67(2):125-38.
Almaqrami BS, Alhammadi MS, Cao B. Three dimensional reliability analyses of currently used methods for assessment of sagittal jaw discrepancy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018; 10(4):e352-60.
Bishara SE, Fahl JA, Peterson LC. Longitudinal changes in the ANB and Wits appraisal: clinical implications. Am J Orthod. 1983; 84(2):133-9.
Hussels W, Nanda RS. Analysis of factors affecting angle ANB. Am J Orthod. 1984; 85(5):411-23.
Jacobson A. Update on the Wits appraisal. Angle Orthod. 1988; 58(3):205-19.
Aldrees AM. Pattern of skeletal and dental malocclusions in Saudi orthodontic patients. Saudi Med J. 2012; 33(3):315-20.
Tanaka JL, Ono E, Filho Medici E, Moraes LC, Castilho JCM, Moraes MEL. Influence of the facial pattern on ANB, AF-BF, and Wits appraisal. World J Orthod. 2006; 7(4):369-75.
Rushton R, Cohen AM, Linney AD. The relationship and the reproducibility of ANB and the Wits appraisal. Br J Orthod. 1991; 18(3):225-31.
Sherman SL, Woods M, Nanda RS, Currier GF. The longitudinal effects of growth on the Wits appraisal. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988; 93(5):429-36.
Polk CE, Buchanan D. A new index for evaluating horizontal skeletal discrepancies and predicting treatment outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124(6):663-9.
Zamora N, Cibrián R, Gandia JL, Paredes V. Study between ANB and Wits appraisal in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013; 18(4):e725-32.
Iwasaki H, Ishikawa H, Chowdhury L. Properties of the ANB and Wits appraisal in the skeletal estimation of Angle's Class III patients. Eur J Orthod. 2002; 24(5):477-83.
Ahmed M, Shaikh A, Fida M. Diagnostic validity of different cephalometric analyses for assessment of the sagittal skeletal pattern. Dental Press J Orthod. 2018; 23(5):75-81.
Tiwari R, Shyagali TR, Gupta A, Joshi R, Tiwari A, Sen P. Predictability and reliability of different anterio-posterior skeletal discrepancy indicators in different age groups: a cephalometric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(9):ZC80-4.
Bergman RT. Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999; 116(4):373-89.
Jazmati HM, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY. Assessment of facial soft tissue dimensions in adult patients with different sagittal skeletal classes using cone beam computed tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016; 17(7):542-8.
Bittner C, Pancherz H. Facial morphology and malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990; 97(4):308-15.
Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio, CE, Serrao G. Facial three-dimensional morphometry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109(1):86-93.
Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod. 1958; 44(1):1-25.
Ferrario VF, Serrao G, Ciusa V, Morini M, Sforza C. Cephalometric and in vivo measurements of maxillomandibular anteroposterior discrepancies: a preliminary regression study. Angle Orthod. 2002; 72(6):579-84.
Gupta P, Singh N, Tripathi T, Gopal R, Rai P. Tau angle: a new approach for assessment of true sagittal maxillomandibular relationship. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020; 13(5):497-500.
Gupta S, Tandon P, Singh GP, Shastri D. Comparative assessment of cephalometric with its analogous photographic variables. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 13(1):99-107.
Maspero C, Cenzato N, Inchingolo F, Cagetti MG, Isola G, Sozzi D et al. The maxilla-mandibular discrepancies through soft-tissue references: reliability and validation of the anteroposterior measurement. Children. 2023; 10(3):459.
Sreenivasagan S, Sivakumar A. FSA angle: a soft tissue approach for assessing sagittal skeletal discrepancy. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021; 14(Suppl 1):S54-6.
Zhou L, Mok CW, Hagg U, McGrath C, Bendeus M, Wu J. Anteroposterior dental arch and jaw-base relationships in a population sample. Angle Orthod. 2008; 78(6):1023-9.
Zawawi KH. Comparison of Wits appraisal among different ethnic groups. J Orthod Sci. 2012; 1(4):88-91.
Singh G, Verma S, Singh DP, Yadav SK, Yadav AB. Correlation of beta angle with antero-posterior dysplasia indicators and FMA: an institution based cephalometric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(11):ZC75-8.
Shamlan MA, Aldrees AM. Hard and soft tissue correlations in facial profiles: a canonical correlation study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2015; 12(7):9-15.
Jajoo A, Agarkar SS, Sharma S, Gadhiya N, Sonawane S, Narkhede S. Comparison of beta and ANB angles for evaluation of sagittal skeletal discrepancy: a cephalometric study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018; 19(6):739‐42.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Rodrigo César Santiago, Marcio José da Silva Campos, Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral, Jocimara Domiciano Fartes de Almeida Campos, Fernanda Ramos de Faria, Lincoln Issamu Nojima, Eduardo Franzotti Sant’Anna
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Cessão de Primeira Publicação à HU Revista
Os autores mantém todos os direitos autorais sobre a publicação, sem restrições, e concedem à HU Revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento irrestrito do trabalho, com reconhecimento da autoria e crédito pela citação de publicação inicial nesta revista, referenciando inclusive seu DOI.
