Voz do Inaudito: Motivação e Intenção de Viagem de Gays e Lésbicas Indianas

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7314332

Palavras-chave:

Homens gays, Lésbicas, Estudos de gênero e sexualidade, Identidade de gênero, Homossexualidade

Resumo

A descriminalização do sexo gay consensual em 2018 (Índia) deu direitos iguais à comunidade LGBT, ao contrário dos casais heterossexuais. A literatura sobre viagens mostra que os viajantes gays são mais homogêneos. Os resultados de um estudo com 86 homens e mulheres gays de origem indiana mostram categorias de motivação que impactam na decisão de viagem: 'compromisso com o destino'; 'auto-introspecção'; 'exploração de um destino com orçamento'; 'evolução com orientação sexual'. 45,4% dos entrevistados acreditam que "Oportunidades de procurar um parceiro/indulgação sexual para o mesmo sexo" e 83,7% dos entrevistados consideram "conforto e boa alimentação" como o principal motivador para selecionar um destino junto com espaço gay amigável, segurança e proteção.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Arun Bhatia, Assistant Professor in Department of Travel and Tourism, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dist. Kangra, India.

PhD in Tourism Studies (2020). Master of Business Administration (2013). Masters in Tourism Administration (2006, Gold Medalist). Assistant Professor in Department of Travel and Tourism, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dist. Kangra. CV: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-6128

Sana Maidullah, Assistant Profesor, Department of Tourism Management, Indian Institute of Management, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh.

PhD in Humanities and Social science (2019) from Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India. Masters in Business Administration (2012) specialization Tourism from Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India. Assistant Profesor, Department of Tourism Management, Indian Institute of Management, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh. CV: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-4674. Email. [sana@iimsirmaur.ac.in].

Referências

Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name; The Free Press: New York, NY, USA. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2), 226-237.

Ballegaard, N., & Chor, J. (2009). Gay and lesbian tourism: travel motivations, destination choices and holiday experiences of gays and lesbians.

Bettman, J.R., Luce, M.F., & Payne, J.W. (1998). Constructive consumer choice processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), 187-217.

Bowling, J., Blekfeld-Sztraky, D., Simmons, M., Dodge, B., Sundarraman, V., Lakshmi, B. & Herbenick, D. (2020). Definitions of sex and intimacy among gender and sexual minoritised groups in urban India. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 22(5), 520-534.

Caber, M., González-Rodríguez, M. R., Albayrak, T., & Simonetti, B. (2020). Does perceived risk really matter in travel behaviour?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 1356766720927762.

Chakrapani, V., Newman, P. A., & Shunmugam, M. (2020). Stigma toward and mental health of hijras/trans women and self-identified men who have sex with men in India.

Clift, S., & Forrest, S. (1999). Gay men and tourism: destinations and holiday motivations. Tourism Management, 20(5), 615-625.

Clift, S. M., & Forrest, S. P. (1999). Factors associated with gay men's sexual behaviours and risk on holiday. Aids Care, 11(3), 281-295.

Cox, M. (2001). Gay holidaymaking: A study of tourism and sexual culture (Doctoral dissertation, University of London).

Crompton, J. L. (1979). Why people go on pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.

D’Augelli, A. R., Rendina, H. J., Sinclair, K. O., & Grossman, A. H. (2007). Lesbian and gay youth'saspirations for marriage and raising children. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 1, 77–98. (Originalwork published 2006).

Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of tourism research, 4(4), 184-194.

Silva, M. A. da (2017). Tatuagem, deboche e carnaval: algumas reflexões sobre a política LGBT contemporânea a partir de uma antropologia do cinema e de uma festa que não existe mais. Teoria e cultura, 12(2).

Jesus, D. S. V. de (2020). The Boys of Summer: Gay Sex Tourism in Rio de Janeiro. Advances in Anthropology, 10(2), 125-146.

Devi, S. (1976). The World of Homosexuals. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Ewing, G., & Haider, W. (1999). Estimating what affects tourist destination choice (pp. 35-58). Binghamton, New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press.

Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M. D. (1985). Gender identity: Some thoughts on an old concept. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry.

Frable, D. E. (1997). Gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities. Annual review of psychology, 48(1), 139-162.

Govers, R., & Go, F. M. (2009). Tourism destination image formation. In: Handbook of tourist behavior (pp. 53-67). Routledge.

Guaracino, J. (2007). Gay and lesbian tourism: The essential guide for marketing. Routledge.

Hattingh, C., & Spencer, J. P. (2017). Salient factors influencing gay travellers' holiday motivations: a push-pull approach. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.

Hattingh, C., & Spencer, J. P. (2020). Homosexual not Homogeneous: A Motivation-Based Typology of Gay Leisure Travelers Holidaying in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(6), 768-792.

Herrera, S. L. (2005). “We gotta get out of this place": A qualitative study on the effects of leisure travel on the lives of gay men living in a small community (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University).

Horowitz, M. J. (2012). Self-identity theory and research methods. Journal of Research Practice, 8(2), M14-M14.

Howe, A. C. (2001). Queer pilgrimage: The San Francisco homeland and identity tourism. Cultural Anthropology, 16(1), 35-61.

Hsu, C.H.C., Cai, L.A., Li, M. (2010). Expectation, Motivation, and Attitude: A Behavioural Tourist Model http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287509349266

Hughes, H. (2002 ) .Gay men's holiday destination choice: a case of risk and avoidance. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4, 299-312.

Hughes, H. L. (2005). A gay tourism market: Reality or illusion, benefit or burden?. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 5(2-4), 57-74.

Hughes, H. L. (2006). Pink tourism: Holidays of gay men and lesbians. CABI.

Joseph, S. (1996). Gay and lesbian movement in India. Economic and political weekly, 2228-2233.

Kashyap L. (2020). Changing Couple Relationships in India. In: Abela A., Vella S., Piscopo S. (eds) Couple Relationships in a Global Context. European Family Therapy Association Series. Springer, Cham

Kauhanen, S. (2015). Think Pink in Tourism-A Study of LGBT+ Tourism.

Khan, M. J., Khan, F., Amin, S., &Chelliah, S. (2020). Perceived Risks, Travel Constraints, and Destination Perception: A Study on Sub-Saharan African Medical Travellers. Sustainability, 12(7), 2807.

Khan, S. O. N. I. A. (2013). Perceived and projected image of India as a tourism destination. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, 6(1), 97-107.

Kohlberg, L (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex-role concepts and attitudes. In The Development of Sex Differences, ed. E Maccoby, pp. 82– 172. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press

Kozak, M., & Decrop, A. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of tourist behavior: Theory & practice. Routledge.

Krippendorf, J. (2010). Holiday makers. Taylor & Francis.

Mannell, R. C., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of tourism research, 14(3), 314-331.

Markwell, K. (2002). Mardi Gras tourism and the construction of Sydney as an international gay and lesbian city. GLQ: a journal of lesbian and gay studies, 8(1), 81-99.

Mason, A., & Palmer, A. (1996). Queer bashing: A national survey of hate crimes against lesbians and gay men. London: Stonewall.

Misra, G. (2009). Decriminalising homosexuality in India. Reproductive Health Matters, 17(34), 20-28.

Monterrubio, J. C. (2009). Identity and Sex: Concurrent Aspects of Gay Tourism. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 4, 155-167.

Otoo, F. E., & Kim, S. (2020). Analysis of studies on the travel motivations of senior tourists from 1980 to 2017: progress and future directions. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(4), 393-417.

Patterson, C. J. (2013). Family lives of lesbian and gay adults. In: Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 659-681). Springer, Boston, MA.

Pavlić, I., Puh, B., & Mišković, L. (2020). The perception of travellers and the World Heritage Site image. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 68(2), 181-194.

Pimentel, T. D., & de Carvalho, F. C. C. (2014). Conditioning factors on tourist destinations' planning and management: a theoretical framework. Turismo y Desarrollo: Revista de Investigación en Turisme y Desarrollo Local, 7(16).

Pimentel, T. D., Silva, A.D.V.J & Coelho, F.D.M (2021). Exploring Management Practices in Tourism Characteristic Activities. Sem fins lucrativos acadêmica projeto, desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa acesso aberto.

Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard business review, 76, 97-105.

Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly, 14(4), 55-58.

Pritchard, A., Morgan, N., Sedgley, D., Khan, E. & Jenkins, A. (2000) Sexuality and holiday choices: conversations with gay and lesbian tourists. Leisure Studies 19, 267–282.

Ross, E. L. D., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1991). Sightseeing tourists' motivation and satisfaction. Annals of tourism research, 18(2), 226-237.

Said, A. S. (2020). Essential Study in an Effort to Improve Satisfaction Tourism Travel. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(2), 105-113.

Stets, J. E., & Serpe, R. T. (2013). Identity theory. In Handbook of social psychology (pp. 31-60). Springer, Dordrecht.

Simmons, M., Bowling, J., Dodge, B., Sundarraman, V., Lakshmi, B., &Herbenick, D. (2020). Contraceptive and Barrier Use by Sexual-and Gender-Minoritized Individuals Assigned Female at Birth in Urban India. Women's Reproductive Health, 7(1), 17-35.

Smith, S. L. (1990). A test of Plog'sallocentric/psychocentric model: Evidence from seven nations. Journal of Travel Research, 28(4), 40-43.

Spears, L.D., Siri, R., Josiam, M.B., Kennon, L. (2012). Exploring Indian tourists' motivation and perception of Bangkok, Thailand. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Tourism (7)1, 61-79

Surra, C. A., & Boelter, J. M. (2013). Dating and mate selection. In Handbook of Marriage and the Family (pp. 211-232). Springer, Boston, MA.

Sussmann, S., & Unel, A. (1999). Destination image and its modification after travel: An empirical study on Turkey. Consumer behavior in travel and tourism, 207-226.

Tommy, A. D (2007). The Tourist in the Experience Economy; Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 7(1), 46-58 DOI: 10.1080/15022250701224035

Van Kerkwijk C (1992). Sex tourism in Thailand. AIDS Soc. 4(1), 6-7.

Vroom, V. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York, NY: Wiley

Weeden, C., Lester, J. A., & Jarvis, N. (2016). Lesbians and gay men's vacation motivations, perceptions, and constraints: A study of cruise vacation choice. Journal of homosexuality, 63(8), 1068-1085.

Wilhelm, A. D. (2004). Tritiya-Prakriti: People of the third sex: Understanding homosexuality, transgender identity and intersex conditions through Hinduism. Xlibris Corporation.

Wong, C. C. L., & Tolkach, D. (2017). Travel preferences of Asian gay men. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 579-591.

UNWTO, Global Report on LGBT Tourism. Page 10

U.S Travel Association. (2012). Travel Strengthens Relationships and Ignites Romance.

www.economictimes.indiatimes.com(2017)/blogs/andwordsisallihave/how-on-earth-can-foreign-visitors-be-attacked-in-daylight-at-a-premier-tourist-spot/ (accessed on 4th July,2020)

www.indiatoday.in(2019):mail-today/story/crime-against-tourists-up-in-delhi-1619734-2019-11-17 (accessed on 4th July,2020)

https://www.amnesty.org.uk/lgbti-lgbt-gay-human-rights-law-africa-uganda-kenya-nigeria-cameroon.

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/334983/The LGBTQ+ Community Has $3.7 Trillion In Purchasing Power; Here's How We Want You to Sell to Us (assesesd on 4th July, 2020), Nick Wolny

Downloads

Publicado

2022-11-23

Como Citar

Bhatia, A., & Maidullah, S. . (2022). Voz do Inaudito: Motivação e Intenção de Viagem de Gays e Lésbicas Indianas. Revista Latino-Americana De Turismologia, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7314332

Edição

Seção

ESTUDO DE CASO/ CASE STUDY /ESTUDIO DE CASO