The role of emotion in time perception
A state-of-the-art systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2020.v14.30383Keywords:
Time Perception, Emotion, Arousal, Attention, Theoretical ModelsAbstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate empirical studies published between 2015 and 2019, which investigated the effects of emotion on time perception. The descriptors “time perception” and “emotion” were used in the databases PubMed, BVS, PsycINFO and Science Direct. The analysis of 31 papers showed the prevalence of the (1) temporal bisection task, (2) use of visual scenes with negative emoticons, and (3) arousal and attention as components of Pacemaker-Accumulator (PA) model to explain the data. The review also revealed the proposition of new theoretical models, which need to be verified in future research.
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References
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Benau, E. M., & Atchley, R. A. (2020). Time flies faster when you’re feeling blue: sad mood induction accelerates the perception of time in a temporal judgment task. Cognitive Processing. doi:10.1007/s10339-020-00966-8
Block, R. A., & Zakay, D. (1997). Prospective and retrospective duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 184–197. doi:10.3758/bf03209393
Brand, G., Thiabaud, F., & Dray, N. (2016). Influence of ambient odors on time perception in a retrospective paradigm. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(3), 799–811. doi:10.1177/0031512516647716
Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2005). What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 755-765.
Colonnello, V., Domes, G., & Heinrichs, M. (2016). As time goes by: Oxytocin influences the subjective perception of time in a social context. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68, 69–73. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.015
Corke, M., Bell, J., Goodhew, S. C., Smithson, M., & Edwards, M. (2016). Perceived time slows during fleeting fun or fear. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(2), 562–567. doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1264000
Coull, J. T. (1998). Neural correlates of attention and arousal: insights from electrophysiology, functional neuroimaging and psychopharmacology. Progress in Neurobiology, 55(4), 343–61. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00011-2
Coull, J. T.; Cheng, R. K.; & Meck, W. H. (2011). Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing. Neuropsychopharmachology, 36(1), 3-25. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.113
Cui, Q., Zhao, K., Chen, Y.-H., Zheng, W., & Fu, X. (2018). Opposing subjective temporal experiences in response to unpredictable and predictable fear-relevant stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00360
Droit-Volet, S. (2016). Emotion and implicit timing. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0158474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158474
Droit-Volet, S., & Berthon, M. (2017). Emotion and implicit timing: the arousal effect. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00176
Droit-Volet, S., & Gil, S. (2015). The emotional body and time perception. Cognition and Emotion, 30(4), 687–699. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1023180
Droit-Volet, S., Lamotte, M., & Izaute, M. (2015). The conscious awareness of time distortions regulates the effect of emotion on the perception of time. Consciousness and Cognition, 38, 155–164. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.021
Fallow, K. M., & Voyer, D. (2013). Degree of handedness, emotion, and the perceived duration of auditory stimuli. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 18(6), 671–692. doi:10.1080/1357650x.2012.742533
Fayolle, S., Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2015). Fear and time: Fear speeds up the internal clock. Behavioural Processes, 120, 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.014
Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 423, 52–77. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23417.x
Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011). “Time flies in the presence of angry faces” depending on the temporal task used! Acta Psychologica, 136(3), 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.12.010
Grommet, E. K., Hemmes, N. S., & Brown, B. L. (2019). The role of clock and memory processes in the timing of fear cues by humans in the temporal bisection task. Behavioural Processes, 164, 217–229. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.05.016.
Gros, A., Giroud, M., Bejot, Y., Rouaud, O., Guillemin, S., Aboa Eboulé, C., Manera, V., Daumas, A. & Lemesle, M. (2015). A time estimation task as a possible measure of emotions: difference depending on the nature of the stimulus used. Frontiers in Behaviour and Neuroscience, 9, 143. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00143
Guan, S., Cheng, L., Fan, Y., & Li, X. (2015). Myopic decisions under negative emotions correlate with altered time perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00468
Johnson, L. W., & MacKay, D. G. (2018). Relations between emotion, memory encoding, and time perception. Cognition and Emotion, 33(2), 185-196. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1435506
Kale, E. H., Üstün, S., & Çiçek, M. (2019). Amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(11), 3873-3888. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14537.
Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(3), 118–121. doi:10.1258/jrsm.96.3.118
Kliegl, K. M., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Dürr, L., Traue, H. C., & Huckauf, A. (2015). The complex duration perception of emotional faces: effects of face direction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00262
Kopec, C. D., & Brody, C. D. (2010). Human performance on the temporal bisection task. Brain and Cognition, 74(3), 262–272. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.08.006
Lake, J. I., LaBar, K. S., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Emotional modulation of interval timing and time perception. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 403–420. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.003
Lake, J. I., Meck, W. H., & LaBar, K. S. (2016). Discriminative fear learners are resilient to temporal distortions during threat anticipation. Timing & Time Perception, 4(1), 63–78. doi:10.1163/22134468-00002063
Lehockey, K. A., Winters, A. R., Nicoletta, A. J., Zurlinden, T. E., & Everhart, D. E. (2018). The effects of emotional states and traits on time perception. Brain Informatics, 5(2), 9. doi:10.1186/s40708-018-0087-9
Li, W. O., & Yuen, K. S. L. (2015). The perception of time while perceiving dynamic emotional faces. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01248
Macar, F., & Vidal, F. (2009). Timing processes: An outline of behavioural and neural indices not systematically considered in timing models. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 63(3), 227–239. doi:10.1037/a0014457
Matthews, W. J., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), 865-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000045
Millot, J.-L., Laurent, L., & Casini, L. (2016). The influence of odors on time perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00181
Ogden, R. S., Henderson, J., McGlone, F., & Richter, M. (2019). Time distortion under threat: Sympathetic arousal predicts time distortion only in the context of negative, highly arousing stimuli. PLoS ONE 14(5), e0216704. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216704
Ogden, R. S., Moore, D., Redfern, L., & McGlone, F. (2015). The effect of pain and the anticipation of pain on temporal perception: A role for attention and arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 29(5), 910–922. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.954529
Özgör, C., Şenyer Özgör, S., Duru, A. D., & Işoğlu-Alkaç, Ü. (2018). How visual stimulus effects the time perception? The evidence from time perception of emotional videos. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 12(4), 357–363. doi:10.1007/s11571-018-9480-6
Pfeuty, M., Dilharreguy, B., Gerlier, L., & Allard, M. (2015). fMRI identifies the right inferior frontal cortex as the brain region where time interval processing is altered by negative emotional arousal. Human Brain Mapping, 36(3), 981–995. doi:10.1002/hbm.22680
Pfeuty, M., Monfort, V., Klein, M., Krieg, J., Collé, S., Colnat-Coulbois, S., Brissart, H.,... Maillard, L. (2019). Role of the supplementary motor area during reproduction of supra-second time intervals: An intracerebral EEG study. Neuroimage, 1(191), 403-420. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.047.
Piovesan, A., Mirams, L., Poole, H., Moore, D., & Ogden, R. (2019). The relationship between pain-induced autonomic arousal and perceived duration. Emotion, 19(7), 1148–1161. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000512
Smith, S. D., McIver, T. A., Di Nella, M. S., & Crease, M. L. (2011). The effects of valence and arousal on the emotional modulation of time perception: evidence for multiple stages of processing. Emotion, 11(6), 1305–1313. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026145.
Tipples, J. (2019). Increased temporal sensitivity for threat: A Bayesian generalized linear mixed modeling approach. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 81, 707–715. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-01637-9
Vallet, W. M., Laflamme, V., & Grondin, S. (2019). An EEG investigation of the mechanisms involved in the perception of time when expecting emotional stimuli. Biological Psychology, 148, 107777. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107777
van Elk, M., & Rotteveel, M. (2019). Experimentally induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01924-z
van Hedger, K., Necka, E. A., Barakzai, A. K., & Norman, G. J. (2017). The influence of social stress on time perception and psychophysiological reactivity. Psychophysiology. 54(5), 706–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12836 PMID: 28139018
van Rijn, H., Kononowicz, T. W., Meck, W. H., Ng, K. K., & Penney, T. B. (2011). Contingent negative variation and its relation to time estimation: A theoretical evaluation. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 5, 91.doi: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00091
Viau-Quesnel, C., Savary, M., & Blanchette, I. (2019). Reasoning and concurrent timing: a study of the mechanisms underlying the effect of emotion on reasoning. Cognition and Emotion, 33(5), 1020–1030. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1535427
Voyer, D., & Reuangrith, E. (2015). Perceptual asymmetries in a time estimation task with emotional sounds. Brain and Cognition, 20(2), 211–231. doi:10.1080/1357650x.2014.953956
Wearden, J. (2016). The psychology of time perception. Palgrave Macmillan: London.
Wittmann, M. (2013). The inner sense of time: how the brain creates a representation of duration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(3), 217–223. doi:10.1038/nrn3452
Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1997). Temporal cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512604
Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Yu, Y., Liu, T., & Luo, W. (2017). Women overestimate temporal duration: evidence from chinese emotional words. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00004
Benau, E. M., & Atchley, R. A. (2020). Time flies faster when you’re feeling blue: sad mood induction accelerates the perception of time in a temporal judgment task. Cognitive Processing. doi:10.1007/s10339-020-00966-8
Block, R. A., & Zakay, D. (1997). Prospective and retrospective duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 184–197. doi:10.3758/bf03209393
Brand, G., Thiabaud, F., & Dray, N. (2016). Influence of ambient odors on time perception in a retrospective paradigm. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(3), 799–811. doi:10.1177/0031512516647716
Buhusi, C. V., & Meck, W. H. (2005). What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 755-765.
Colonnello, V., Domes, G., & Heinrichs, M. (2016). As time goes by: Oxytocin influences the subjective perception of time in a social context. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68, 69–73. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.015
Corke, M., Bell, J., Goodhew, S. C., Smithson, M., & Edwards, M. (2016). Perceived time slows during fleeting fun or fear. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(2), 562–567. doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1264000
Coull, J. T. (1998). Neural correlates of attention and arousal: insights from electrophysiology, functional neuroimaging and psychopharmacology. Progress in Neurobiology, 55(4), 343–61. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00011-2
Coull, J. T.; Cheng, R. K.; & Meck, W. H. (2011). Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing. Neuropsychopharmachology, 36(1), 3-25. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.113
Cui, Q., Zhao, K., Chen, Y.-H., Zheng, W., & Fu, X. (2018). Opposing subjective temporal experiences in response to unpredictable and predictable fear-relevant stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00360
Droit-Volet, S. (2016). Emotion and implicit timing. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0158474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158474
Droit-Volet, S., & Berthon, M. (2017). Emotion and implicit timing: the arousal effect. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00176
Droit-Volet, S., & Gil, S. (2015). The emotional body and time perception. Cognition and Emotion, 30(4), 687–699. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1023180
Droit-Volet, S., Lamotte, M., & Izaute, M. (2015). The conscious awareness of time distortions regulates the effect of emotion on the perception of time. Consciousness and Cognition, 38, 155–164. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.021
Fallow, K. M., & Voyer, D. (2013). Degree of handedness, emotion, and the perceived duration of auditory stimuli. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 18(6), 671–692. doi:10.1080/1357650x.2012.742533
Fayolle, S., Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2015). Fear and time: Fear speeds up the internal clock. Behavioural Processes, 120, 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.014
Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 423, 52–77. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23417.x
Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011). “Time flies in the presence of angry faces” depending on the temporal task used! Acta Psychologica, 136(3), 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.12.010
Grommet, E. K., Hemmes, N. S., & Brown, B. L. (2019). The role of clock and memory processes in the timing of fear cues by humans in the temporal bisection task. Behavioural Processes, 164, 217–229. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.05.016.
Gros, A., Giroud, M., Bejot, Y., Rouaud, O., Guillemin, S., Aboa Eboulé, C., Manera, V., Daumas, A. & Lemesle, M. (2015). A time estimation task as a possible measure of emotions: difference depending on the nature of the stimulus used. Frontiers in Behaviour and Neuroscience, 9, 143. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00143
Guan, S., Cheng, L., Fan, Y., & Li, X. (2015). Myopic decisions under negative emotions correlate with altered time perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00468
Johnson, L. W., & MacKay, D. G. (2018). Relations between emotion, memory encoding, and time perception. Cognition and Emotion, 33(2), 185-196. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1435506
Kale, E. H., Üstün, S., & Çiçek, M. (2019). Amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(11), 3873-3888. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14537.
Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(3), 118–121. doi:10.1258/jrsm.96.3.118
Kliegl, K. M., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Dürr, L., Traue, H. C., & Huckauf, A. (2015). The complex duration perception of emotional faces: effects of face direction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00262
Kopec, C. D., & Brody, C. D. (2010). Human performance on the temporal bisection task. Brain and Cognition, 74(3), 262–272. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.08.006
Lake, J. I., LaBar, K. S., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Emotional modulation of interval timing and time perception. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 403–420. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.003
Lake, J. I., Meck, W. H., & LaBar, K. S. (2016). Discriminative fear learners are resilient to temporal distortions during threat anticipation. Timing & Time Perception, 4(1), 63–78. doi:10.1163/22134468-00002063
Lehockey, K. A., Winters, A. R., Nicoletta, A. J., Zurlinden, T. E., & Everhart, D. E. (2018). The effects of emotional states and traits on time perception. Brain Informatics, 5(2), 9. doi:10.1186/s40708-018-0087-9
Li, W. O., & Yuen, K. S. L. (2015). The perception of time while perceiving dynamic emotional faces. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01248
Macar, F., & Vidal, F. (2009). Timing processes: An outline of behavioural and neural indices not systematically considered in timing models. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 63(3), 227–239. doi:10.1037/a0014457
Matthews, W. J., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), 865-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000045
Millot, J.-L., Laurent, L., & Casini, L. (2016). The influence of odors on time perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00181
Ogden, R. S., Henderson, J., McGlone, F., & Richter, M. (2019). Time distortion under threat: Sympathetic arousal predicts time distortion only in the context of negative, highly arousing stimuli. PLoS ONE 14(5), e0216704. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216704
Ogden, R. S., Moore, D., Redfern, L., & McGlone, F. (2015). The effect of pain and the anticipation of pain on temporal perception: A role for attention and arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 29(5), 910–922. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.954529
Özgör, C., Şenyer Özgör, S., Duru, A. D., & Işoğlu-Alkaç, Ü. (2018). How visual stimulus effects the time perception? The evidence from time perception of emotional videos. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 12(4), 357–363. doi:10.1007/s11571-018-9480-6
Pfeuty, M., Dilharreguy, B., Gerlier, L., & Allard, M. (2015). fMRI identifies the right inferior frontal cortex as the brain region where time interval processing is altered by negative emotional arousal. Human Brain Mapping, 36(3), 981–995. doi:10.1002/hbm.22680
Pfeuty, M., Monfort, V., Klein, M., Krieg, J., Collé, S., Colnat-Coulbois, S., Brissart, H.,... Maillard, L. (2019). Role of the supplementary motor area during reproduction of supra-second time intervals: An intracerebral EEG study. Neuroimage, 1(191), 403-420. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.047.
Piovesan, A., Mirams, L., Poole, H., Moore, D., & Ogden, R. (2019). The relationship between pain-induced autonomic arousal and perceived duration. Emotion, 19(7), 1148–1161. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000512
Smith, S. D., McIver, T. A., Di Nella, M. S., & Crease, M. L. (2011). The effects of valence and arousal on the emotional modulation of time perception: evidence for multiple stages of processing. Emotion, 11(6), 1305–1313. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026145.
Tipples, J. (2019). Increased temporal sensitivity for threat: A Bayesian generalized linear mixed modeling approach. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 81, 707–715. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-01637-9
Vallet, W. M., Laflamme, V., & Grondin, S. (2019). An EEG investigation of the mechanisms involved in the perception of time when expecting emotional stimuli. Biological Psychology, 148, 107777. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107777
van Elk, M., & Rotteveel, M. (2019). Experimentally induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01924-z
van Hedger, K., Necka, E. A., Barakzai, A. K., & Norman, G. J. (2017). The influence of social stress on time perception and psychophysiological reactivity. Psychophysiology. 54(5), 706–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12836 PMID: 28139018
van Rijn, H., Kononowicz, T. W., Meck, W. H., Ng, K. K., & Penney, T. B. (2011). Contingent negative variation and its relation to time estimation: A theoretical evaluation. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 5, 91.doi: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00091
Viau-Quesnel, C., Savary, M., & Blanchette, I. (2019). Reasoning and concurrent timing: a study of the mechanisms underlying the effect of emotion on reasoning. Cognition and Emotion, 33(5), 1020–1030. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1535427
Voyer, D., & Reuangrith, E. (2015). Perceptual asymmetries in a time estimation task with emotional sounds. Brain and Cognition, 20(2), 211–231. doi:10.1080/1357650x.2014.953956
Wearden, J. (2016). The psychology of time perception. Palgrave Macmillan: London.
Wittmann, M. (2013). The inner sense of time: how the brain creates a representation of duration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(3), 217–223. doi:10.1038/nrn3452
Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1997). Temporal cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512604
Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Yu, Y., Liu, T., & Luo, W. (2017). Women overestimate temporal duration: evidence from chinese emotional words. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00004
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2020-10-04
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Número Temático: Cérebro & Mente: Interações
