The mediating role of life satisfaction in the relation between work addition and work family conflict
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-1247.2020.v14.27410Keywords:
Work addiction, Life satisfaction, Work-family conflict, Self-employed professionalsAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether life satisfaction (LS) plays a mediating role in the relation between work addiction (WA) and work-family conflict (WFC) in a sample of 490 Brazilian self-employed professionals. As research instruments, a sociodemographic and labor questionnaire, the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS), the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) and the Work-Family Interaction Scale (Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, SWING) were used. The results confirmed the hypothesis that LS acts as a mediator between WA and WFC dimensions. Thus, the importance of time management is highlighted. The balance of work activities with the responsibilities and family leisure is a key feature of prevention of WA.
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References
Referências
Andreassen, C. S. (2014). Workaholism: An overview and current status of the research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1556/JBA.2.2013.017
Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Hetland, J., Kravina, L., Jensen, F., & Pallesen, S. (2014). The prevalence of workaholism: A survey study in a nationally representative sample of norwegian employees. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1–10.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102446
Annink, A., den Dulk, L., & Steijn, B. (2016). Work–family conflict among employees and the self-employed across Europe. Social Indicators Research, 126(2), 571–593. doi: 10.1007/s11205-015-0899-4
Annink, A., den Dulk, L., & Steijn, B. (2015). Work-family state support for the self-employed across Europe. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 4(2), 187-208. doi: 10.1108/JEPP-01-2014-0006
Aziz, S., & Zickar, M. J. (2006). A cluster analysis investigation of workaholism as a syndrome. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 52–62.
doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.11.1.52
Bardagi, M. P., & Hutz, C. S. (2010). Satisfação de vida, comprometimento com a carreira e exploração vocacional em estudantes universitários. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 62(1), 159–170.
http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S180952672010000100016
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. a. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Carlotto, M. S. & Del Líbano, M. (2010). Tradução, adaptação e exploração de propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Adição ao Trabalho Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS). Contextos Clínicos, 3(2), 141-150. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S198334822010000200008&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
Carlotto, M. S., & Câmara, S. G. (2014). Tradução, adaptação e exploração de propriedades psicométricas da escala interação trabalho-família nijmen (SWING) em uma amostra de professores brasileiros. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 19(3), 157-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2014000300006.
Carlotto, M. S. (2011). Adição ao Trabalho e relação com fatores de risco sociodemográficos, laborais e psicossociais. Psico-USF, 16(1), 87–95.
doi: 10.1590/S1413-82712011000100010
Carlotto, M. S., & Câmara, S. G. (2017). Preditores individuais e ocupacionais da Interação trabalho-Família e família-trabalho. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5872/psiencia/9.1.22
Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Zhdanova, L., Pui, S. Y., & Baltes, B. B. (2014). All work and no play ? A meta-analytic examination of the correlates and outcomes of workaholism, Journal of Management, 42(7). 1836-1873. doi:10.1177/0149206314522301
Clark, M. A. (2016). Workaholism : It’s not just long hours: On the New research is leading to a nuanced and dynamic. Psychological Science Agenda. Disponível: https://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2016/04/workaholism
Closs, L., & Antonello, C. S. (2014). Aprendizagem de gestores no contexto das transformações contemporâneas no mundo do trabalho. Revista de Ciências da Administração, 16(39), 149-163. doi: 10.5007/2175-8077.2014v16n39p146
Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41. https://intranet.newriver.edu/images/stories/library/Stennett_Psychology_Articles/Recent%20Findings%20on%20Subjective%20Well-Being.pdf
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Geurts, S. a. E., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. a. J., Dikkers, J. S. E., Van Hooff, M. L. M., & Kinnunen, U. M. (2005). Work-home interaction from a work psychological perspective: Development and validation of a new questionnaire, the SWING. Work & Stress, 19(4), 319–339. doi: 10.1080/02678370500410208
Giacomoni, C. H. & Hutz, C. S. (1997). A mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo: escala de afeto positivo e negativo e escala de satisfação de vida [Resumos]. Em Sociedade Interamericana de Psicologia (Org.), Anais XXVI Congresso Interamericano de Psicologia (p. 313). São Paulo, SP: SIP.
Gorgievski, M. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Work engagement and workaholism: comparing the self-employed and salaried employees. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903509606
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of management review, 10(1), 76-88. doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002). An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. The lancet, 359(9300), 57-61. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07283-5
Retrieved from http://www.farmacologia.hc.edu.uy/images/InvestClin_Lancet.PDF
Haar, J. M., & Roche, M. A. (2010). Family supportive organization perceptions and employee outcomes: The mediating effects of life satisfaction. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 999-1014. doi.org/10.1080/09585191003783462
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sune, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work–life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361-373. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Heo, J., Stebbins, R. A., Kim, J. & Lee, I. (2013). Serious leisure, life satisfaction, and health of older adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16-32.
doi: 10.1080/01490400.2013.739871
Heckathorn, D. D. (1997). Respondent-driven sampling: A new approach to the study of
hidden populations. Social Problems, 44(2), 174–199.
doi: 10.1525/sp.1997.44.2.03x0221m
Marôco, J. (2007). Análise Estatística: Com Utilização do SPSS (3ª ed.). Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with
family, and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 427–436.
doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.427
Molino, M., Bakker, A. B., & Ghislieri, C. (2016). The role of workaholism in the job demands-resources model. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(4), 400-414.
doi: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1070833
Molino, M., Cortese, C. G, & Ghislieri, C. (2019). Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion. Sustainability,11, 446. doi:10.3390/su11020446
Neri, M. C. (2012). De volta ao país do futuro: crise européia, Projeções e a nova classe média. Rio de Janeiro: FGV/CPS.
Pinheiro, L. R. S., & Carlotto, M. S. (2016). Relações entre a satisfação com a vida e Adição ao Trabalho The mediating role between satisfaction with life and workaholism, 18(2), 97–105. doi: 10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1340
Rantanen, J., Feldt, T., Jhakanen, J., Kokko, K., Huhtala, M., Pulkkinen, L., & Schaufeli, W. (2014). Cross-national and Longitudinal Investigation of a Short Measure of Workaholism. Industrial Health, 53(2), 113–123.
doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0129
Russo, J. A., & Waters, L. E. (2006). Workaholic worker type differences in work-family conflict: The moderating role of supervisor support and flexible work scheduling. Career Development International, 11(5), 418-439. doi.org/10.1108/13620430610683052
Salanova, M., Del Líbano, M., Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W. B., & Fidalgo, M. (2008). La adicción al trabajo: una nota técnica de prevención. Instituto de Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, 759, 22ª serie.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. (2006). On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. In R. Burke (Org.), Research companion to working time and work addiction (pp. 193-217), Northhampton: Edward Elgar.
doi: 10.4337/9781847202833.00018
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., van der Heijden, F. M. M. a., & Prins, J. T. (2009). Workaholism among medical residents: It is the combination of working excessively and compulsively that counts. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(4), 249–272. doi: 10.1037/a0017537
Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47(5), 495–502. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.47.495
Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2010). How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 154–160. doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9077-x
Sirgy, M. J. & Dong-Jin, L. (2018). Work-Life Balance: an Integrative Review. Applied Research Quality Life, 13, 229–254. doi:10.1007/s11482-017-9509-8
Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2004). Attitudinal and demographic antecedents of workaholism. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(5), 520–536. doi:10.1108/09534810410554524
Sullivan, D. M., & Meek, W. R. (2012). Gender and entrepreneurship: a review and process model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 428-458. doi:10.1108/02683941211235373
Sussman, S. (2012). Workaholism: A Review. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 141(4), 520–529. doi:10.4172/2155-6105.S6-001
Tabassum, A., & Rahman, T. (2012). Gaining the insight of workaholism, its nature and its outcome: A literature review. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 2(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2012.167
Taris, T. W., Geurts, S. A. E., Schaufeli, W. B., Blonk, R. W. B., & Lagerveld, S. E. (2008). All day and all of the night: The relative contribution of two dimensions of workaholism to well-being in self-employed workers. Work and Stress, 22(2), 153-165. doi: 10.1080/02678370701758074
Thompson, C. A., & Prottas, D. J. (2006). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 100–118. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.100
Van Wijhe, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2010). Understanding and treating workaholism: Setting the stage for successful interventions. In C. Cooper & R. Burke (Eds.), Risky Business: Psychological, Physical and Financial Costs of High Risk Behavior in Organizations (pp.107–134). Farnham: Ashgate.
Vitiello, K., Aziz, S., & Wuensch, K. L. (2016). Workaholism and authenticity: The Role of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 17(2), 116-133.
Willianson, R. L., & Clark, M. A. (2015). Workaholism and work-family conflict: theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and directions for future research. In: J. M. Nickelin (Org.), Work-Life Balance in the 21st Century: Perspectives, Practices, and Challenge. (pp. 45–55), Nova York: Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated. doi: 1002/1098-2779(200102)7
Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S., & Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing. Employee Relations, 37(3), 354–379. doi: 10.1108/ER-10-2013-0142
Andreassen, C. S. (2014). Workaholism: An overview and current status of the research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1556/JBA.2.2013.017
Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Hetland, J., Kravina, L., Jensen, F., & Pallesen, S. (2014). The prevalence of workaholism: A survey study in a nationally representative sample of norwegian employees. PLoS ONE, 9(8), 1–10.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102446
Annink, A., den Dulk, L., & Steijn, B. (2016). Work–family conflict among employees and the self-employed across Europe. Social Indicators Research, 126(2), 571–593. doi: 10.1007/s11205-015-0899-4
Annink, A., den Dulk, L., & Steijn, B. (2015). Work-family state support for the self-employed across Europe. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 4(2), 187-208. doi: 10.1108/JEPP-01-2014-0006
Aziz, S., & Zickar, M. J. (2006). A cluster analysis investigation of workaholism as a syndrome. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 52–62.
doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.11.1.52
Bardagi, M. P., & Hutz, C. S. (2010). Satisfação de vida, comprometimento com a carreira e exploração vocacional em estudantes universitários. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 62(1), 159–170.
http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S180952672010000100016
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. a. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Carlotto, M. S. & Del Líbano, M. (2010). Tradução, adaptação e exploração de propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Adição ao Trabalho Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS). Contextos Clínicos, 3(2), 141-150. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S198334822010000200008&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
Carlotto, M. S., & Câmara, S. G. (2014). Tradução, adaptação e exploração de propriedades psicométricas da escala interação trabalho-família nijmen (SWING) em uma amostra de professores brasileiros. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 19(3), 157-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2014000300006.
Carlotto, M. S. (2011). Adição ao Trabalho e relação com fatores de risco sociodemográficos, laborais e psicossociais. Psico-USF, 16(1), 87–95.
doi: 10.1590/S1413-82712011000100010
Carlotto, M. S., & Câmara, S. G. (2017). Preditores individuais e ocupacionais da Interação trabalho-Família e família-trabalho. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5872/psiencia/9.1.22
Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Zhdanova, L., Pui, S. Y., & Baltes, B. B. (2014). All work and no play ? A meta-analytic examination of the correlates and outcomes of workaholism, Journal of Management, 42(7). 1836-1873. doi:10.1177/0149206314522301
Clark, M. A. (2016). Workaholism : It’s not just long hours: On the New research is leading to a nuanced and dynamic. Psychological Science Agenda. Disponível: https://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2016/04/workaholism
Closs, L., & Antonello, C. S. (2014). Aprendizagem de gestores no contexto das transformações contemporâneas no mundo do trabalho. Revista de Ciências da Administração, 16(39), 149-163. doi: 10.5007/2175-8077.2014v16n39p146
Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41. https://intranet.newriver.edu/images/stories/library/Stennett_Psychology_Articles/Recent%20Findings%20on%20Subjective%20Well-Being.pdf
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Geurts, S. a. E., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. a. J., Dikkers, J. S. E., Van Hooff, M. L. M., & Kinnunen, U. M. (2005). Work-home interaction from a work psychological perspective: Development and validation of a new questionnaire, the SWING. Work & Stress, 19(4), 319–339. doi: 10.1080/02678370500410208
Giacomoni, C. H. & Hutz, C. S. (1997). A mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo: escala de afeto positivo e negativo e escala de satisfação de vida [Resumos]. Em Sociedade Interamericana de Psicologia (Org.), Anais XXVI Congresso Interamericano de Psicologia (p. 313). São Paulo, SP: SIP.
Gorgievski, M. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Work engagement and workaholism: comparing the self-employed and salaried employees. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903509606
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of management review, 10(1), 76-88. doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002). An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. The lancet, 359(9300), 57-61. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07283-5
Retrieved from http://www.farmacologia.hc.edu.uy/images/InvestClin_Lancet.PDF
Haar, J. M., & Roche, M. A. (2010). Family supportive organization perceptions and employee outcomes: The mediating effects of life satisfaction. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 999-1014. doi.org/10.1080/09585191003783462
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sune, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work–life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361-373. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Heo, J., Stebbins, R. A., Kim, J. & Lee, I. (2013). Serious leisure, life satisfaction, and health of older adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16-32.
doi: 10.1080/01490400.2013.739871
Heckathorn, D. D. (1997). Respondent-driven sampling: A new approach to the study of
hidden populations. Social Problems, 44(2), 174–199.
doi: 10.1525/sp.1997.44.2.03x0221m
Marôco, J. (2007). Análise Estatística: Com Utilização do SPSS (3ª ed.). Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with
family, and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 427–436.
doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.427
Molino, M., Bakker, A. B., & Ghislieri, C. (2016). The role of workaholism in the job demands-resources model. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(4), 400-414.
doi: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1070833
Molino, M., Cortese, C. G, & Ghislieri, C. (2019). Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion. Sustainability,11, 446. doi:10.3390/su11020446
Neri, M. C. (2012). De volta ao país do futuro: crise européia, Projeções e a nova classe média. Rio de Janeiro: FGV/CPS.
Pinheiro, L. R. S., & Carlotto, M. S. (2016). Relações entre a satisfação com a vida e Adição ao Trabalho The mediating role between satisfaction with life and workaholism, 18(2), 97–105. doi: 10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1340
Rantanen, J., Feldt, T., Jhakanen, J., Kokko, K., Huhtala, M., Pulkkinen, L., & Schaufeli, W. (2014). Cross-national and Longitudinal Investigation of a Short Measure of Workaholism. Industrial Health, 53(2), 113–123.
doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0129
Russo, J. A., & Waters, L. E. (2006). Workaholic worker type differences in work-family conflict: The moderating role of supervisor support and flexible work scheduling. Career Development International, 11(5), 418-439. doi.org/10.1108/13620430610683052
Salanova, M., Del Líbano, M., Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W. B., & Fidalgo, M. (2008). La adicción al trabajo: una nota técnica de prevención. Instituto de Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, 759, 22ª serie.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. (2006). On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. In R. Burke (Org.), Research companion to working time and work addiction (pp. 193-217), Northhampton: Edward Elgar.
doi: 10.4337/9781847202833.00018
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., van der Heijden, F. M. M. a., & Prins, J. T. (2009). Workaholism among medical residents: It is the combination of working excessively and compulsively that counts. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(4), 249–272. doi: 10.1037/a0017537
Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47(5), 495–502. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.47.495
Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2010). How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 154–160. doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9077-x
Sirgy, M. J. & Dong-Jin, L. (2018). Work-Life Balance: an Integrative Review. Applied Research Quality Life, 13, 229–254. doi:10.1007/s11482-017-9509-8
Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2004). Attitudinal and demographic antecedents of workaholism. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(5), 520–536. doi:10.1108/09534810410554524
Sullivan, D. M., & Meek, W. R. (2012). Gender and entrepreneurship: a review and process model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 428-458. doi:10.1108/02683941211235373
Sussman, S. (2012). Workaholism: A Review. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 141(4), 520–529. doi:10.4172/2155-6105.S6-001
Tabassum, A., & Rahman, T. (2012). Gaining the insight of workaholism, its nature and its outcome: A literature review. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 2(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2012.167
Taris, T. W., Geurts, S. A. E., Schaufeli, W. B., Blonk, R. W. B., & Lagerveld, S. E. (2008). All day and all of the night: The relative contribution of two dimensions of workaholism to well-being in self-employed workers. Work and Stress, 22(2), 153-165. doi: 10.1080/02678370701758074
Thompson, C. A., & Prottas, D. J. (2006). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 100–118. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.100
Van Wijhe, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2010). Understanding and treating workaholism: Setting the stage for successful interventions. In C. Cooper & R. Burke (Eds.), Risky Business: Psychological, Physical and Financial Costs of High Risk Behavior in Organizations (pp.107–134). Farnham: Ashgate.
Vitiello, K., Aziz, S., & Wuensch, K. L. (2016). Workaholism and authenticity: The Role of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 17(2), 116-133.
Willianson, R. L., & Clark, M. A. (2015). Workaholism and work-family conflict: theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and directions for future research. In: J. M. Nickelin (Org.), Work-Life Balance in the 21st Century: Perspectives, Practices, and Challenge. (pp. 45–55), Nova York: Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated. doi: 1002/1098-2779(200102)7
Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S., & Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing. Employee Relations, 37(3), 354–379. doi: 10.1108/ER-10-2013-0142
Published
2020-08-30
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