VITAMINA D, SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE – UMA REVISÃO

Autores

  • NATHERCIA PERCEGONI Departamento de Nutrição UFJF – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas DN – Departamento de Nutrição Bairro Martelos – Juiz de Fora – MG CEP 36036–330 Tel – (32) 2102-3234/R:28
  • Juciane Maria de Andrade Castro Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia UFJF – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bairro Martelos – Juiz de Fora – MG CEP 36036–330

Resumo

Este é um estudo descritivo na modalidade de revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados, tendo, como descritores, Vitamina D, Obesidade e Sobrepeso. Objetivou-se buscar, nas bases eletrônicas de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, a vitamina D como temática nos trabalhos entre 1978 e 2014. A vitamina D é um hormônio esteróide com efeitos biológicos que vão além da regulação do metabolismo ósseo. Sua forma ativa é a 1,25(OH)2D3 ou calcitriol, resultante da hidroxilação da 25OHD nos tecidos. A forma 25 (OH) D ou calcifediol é a predominante no sangue e reflete a homeostase desta vitamina no organismo. Os valores sanguíneos de referência têm sido amplamente discutidos, situando-se, na maioria dos estudos, entre 80 a 100nmol/l. Atualmente, a deficiência de vitamina D tem sido considerada um problema de saúde pública, por suas implicações no desenvolvimento de diversas doenças, entre elas o sobrepeso e a obesidade. Vitamina D exerce efeito na obesidade através do receptor de vitamina D, dos receptores do tipo Toll, de prostaglandinas, enzimas como óxido nítrico sintase e das espécies reativas de oxigênio. Indivíduos obesos invariavelmente apresentam concentrações plasmáticas inferiores de vitamina D e são menos responsivos à suplementação desta vitamina, principalmente quando concentrações menores são utilizadas. Contudo, a suplementação não tem se mostrado eficaz em contribuir para a perda de peso corporal, apesar de ser efetiva para a melhoria de alguns parâmetros inflamatórios. Em conclusão, são necessários mais estudos que relacionem vitamina D e obesidade no sentido de definir as concentrações ideais desta na circulação, bem como para suplementação.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vitamina D. Obesidade. Metabolismo. Alimentação.

 

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

NATHERCIA PERCEGONI, Departamento de Nutrição UFJF – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas DN – Departamento de Nutrição Bairro Martelos – Juiz de Fora – MG CEP 36036–330 Tel – (32) 2102-3234/R:28

Possui graduação em Nutrição pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (1999), Mestrado em Bioquímica pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (2002), Doutorado em Ciências - Fisiologia pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (2006), Pós-doutorado em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental pela Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (2011) e Pós-Doutorado em Nutrição (PNPD) pelo Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro/UFRJ. É pesquisadora do grupo cadastrado no CNPq: Processamento de Frutas e Hortaliças, subgrupo: Alimentos Funcionais e Dietéticos-UFRJ. Atualmente é Professora Adjunta na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Tem experiência na área de Nutrição, com ênfase em Nutrição e Dietética, Nutrição Clínica (Nutrição Clínica Clássica, Nutrição Clínica Funcional e Nutrição Clínica Estética) e Técnica Dietética.

Juciane Maria de Andrade Castro, Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia UFJF – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora ICB – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bairro Martelos – Juiz de Fora – MG CEP 36036–330

Possui graduação em Nutrição pela Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (2003), mestrado em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (2005), Doutorado em Imunologia pela Universidade de São Paulo (2010) e Pos-doutorado em Toxinologia pelo Instituto Butantan (2014). Atualmente e professora Adjunta da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Tem experiência em pesquisa na área de Imunologia, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Anticorpos Monoclonais e Recombinantes e Soroterapia; Controle Nervoso da Resposta Inflamatória Alérgica; Resposta Imunológica a Parasitas e Probióticos

Referências

AGARWAL, A.; GUPTA, S. K.; SUKUMAR, R. Hyperparathyroidism and Malnutrition with Severe Vitamin D Deficiency. World J Surg, Lucknow, v. 33, n. 11, p. 2303-2313, nov. 2009. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404706>.

AHMAD, R. et al. Elevated expression of the toll like receptors 2 and 4 in obese individuals: its significance for obesity-induced inflammation. Journal of Inflammation, Dasman, v. 9, n. 48, nov. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.journal-inflammation.com/content/9/1/48>.

AKIRA, S.; TAKEDA, K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature Reviews Immunology, Osaka, v. 4, n. 7, p. 499-511, jul. 2004. Cited in: < http://www.nature.com/nri/journal/v4/n7/full/nri1391.html>.

APARNA, R. et al. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by 1 α,25-dihydroxy- 16-ene-23-yne-vitamin D3, a less calcemic vitamin D analog. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Hyderabad, v. 104, n. 5, p. 1832–1842, august. 2008. Cited in: < http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcb.21749/abstract>.

BABIOR, B. M. Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (second of two parts). The New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, v. 298, n. 13, p. 721-725, mar. 1978. Cited in: < http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197803302981305>.

BABIOR, B. M. NADPH oxidase: an update. Blood, La Jolla, v. 93, n. 5, p. 1464-1476, mar. 1999. Cited in: < http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/93/5/1464?sso-checked=true>.

BABIOR, B. M. Phagocytes and oxidative stress. American Journal of Medicine, La Jolla, v. 109, n. 1, p. 33-44, jul. 2000. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10936476>.

BINH, T. Q. et al. Correlations between genetic variance and adiposity measures, and gene x gene interactions for obesity in postmenopausal Vietnamese women. Journal of Genetics, Hanoi, v. 90, n. 1, p. 1–9, april. 2011. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677383>.

BLACKBURN, G. L.; WOLLNER, S.; HEYMSFIELD, S. B. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of class III obesity: a primary target for nutrition medicine in the obesity epidemic. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Boston, v. 91, n. 1, p. 289S-292S, jan. 2010. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19906805>.

BOKOCH, G. M.; KNAUS, U. G. NADPH oxidases: not just for leukocytes anymore! Trends in Biochemical Sciences, La Jolla, v. 28, n. 9, p. 502-508, sep. 2003. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678962>

BONDIA-PONS, I.; RYAN, L.; MARTINEZ, J. A. Oxidative stress and inflammation interactions in human obesity. Journal Physiology and Biochemistry, Pamplona, v. 68, n. 4, p. 701–711, dec. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351038>.

CHANCE, B.; SIES, H.; BOVERIS, A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiological Reviews, Filadélfia, v. 59, n. 3, p. 527-605, jul. 1979. Cited in: <http://physrev.physiology.org/content/59/3/527>

CHANG, J. M. et al. 1-α,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA expression and nitric oxide release in macrophage-like RAW264. 7 cells. Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung, v. 143, n. 1, p.14–22, jan. 2004. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749681>.

CODOÑER-FRANCH, P. et al. Oxidant mechanisms in childhood obesity: the link between inflammation and oxidative stress. Translational Ressearch, Valencia, v. 158, n. 6, p. 369–384, dec. 2011. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22061044>

CONNER, E. M.; GRISHAM, M. B. Inflammation, free radicals, and antioxidants. Nutrition, Shreveport, v. 12, n. 4, p. 274-7, Apr. 1996. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8862535>

CREELY, S. J. et al. Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Coventry, v. 292, n. 3, p. E740–E747, mar. 2007. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17090751>.

DAVIES, K. J. Oxidative stress: the paradox of aerobic life. Biochemical Society Symposia, New York, Albany, v. 61, n. 1, p. 1-31, 1995. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8660387>

DEAN, D. D. et al. Vitamin D regulation of metalloproteinase activity in matrix vesicles. Connective Tissue Research, San Antonio, v. 35, n. 1-4, p. 331–336, 1996. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9084672>

FITZPATRICK, S.; JOKS, R.; SILVERBERG, J. I. Obesity is associated with increased asthma severity and exacerbations, and increased serum immunoglobulin E in inner-city adults. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, New York, v. 42, n. 5, p. 747-759, mai. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092883>

FREEMAN, L. R. et al. Obesity increases cerebrocortical reactive oxygen species and impairs brain function. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Baton Rouge, v. 56, p. 226-33, mar. 2013. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23116605>

FUJITANI, Y. et al. Pronounced adipogenesis and increased insulin sensitivity caused by overproduction of prostaglandin D2 in vivo. FEBS Journal, Osaka, v. 277, n. 6, p. 1410–1419, mar. 2010. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136655>

GALLAGHER, J. C.; YALAMANCHILI, V.; SMITH, L. M. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25OHD in thin and obese women. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Omaha, v. 13, p. 195–200, jul. 2013. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23246640>

GARVIN, P. et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged normal population. PLOS One, Linkoping, v. 3, p. 1774, mar. 2008. Cited in: < http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0001774>

GHOSHAL, S. et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency attenuates adipose tissue differentiation and inflammation in mice. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Lexington, v. 286, n. 1, p. 889–898, jan, 2011. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961858>

GOYAL, R.; SINGHAI, M.; FAIZY, A. F. Glutathione peroxidase activity in obese and nonobese diabetic patients and role of hyperglycemia in oxidative stress. Journal Midlife Health, Haldwani, v. 2, n. 2, p. 72–76, jul. 2011. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408335>

GRANT, W.B.; HOLICK, M. F. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review. Alternative Medicine Review, San Francisco, v. 10, n. 2, p. 94-111, jun. 2005. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15989379>

GRANT, W. B. Benefits of ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D in youth. Journal of Steroid Biochem & Molecular Biology, San Francisco, v. 136, p. 221–223, jul. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076012002038>

GREENBERG, A. S.; OBIN, M. S. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Boston, v. 83, n. 2, p. 461S-465S, fev. 2006. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16470013>

GRIMBLE, R. F. The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, Southampton, v. 69, n. 4, p. 511-517, nov. 2010. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598196>

GUYTON, K. Z.; KENSLER, T. W.; POSNER, G. H. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogs as cancer chemopreventive agents. Nutrition Reviews, Mountain View, v. 61, n. 7, p. 227-238, jul. 2003. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12918875>

GUZEY, M. et al. Increased apoptosis of periprostatic adipose tissue in VDR null mice. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Pittsburgh, v. 93, n. 1, p. 133–141, set. 2004. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15352170>

HASHIZUME, K. et al. Effect of active vitamin D3 on the levels of NADPH-dependent cytosolic 3,5,3′-triiodo-L´thyronine-binding protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Matsumoto, v. 177, n. 1, p. 388–394, mai. 1991. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2043122>

HENKEL, J. et al. Stimulation of fat accumulation in hepatocytes by PGE2-dependent repression of hepatic lipolysis, β-oxidation and VLDL-synthesis. Laboratory Investigation, Nuthetal, v. 92, n. 11, p. 1597–1606, nov. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964849>

HOLICK, M. F. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and preventions of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal Clinical Nutrition, Boston, v. 80, n. 6 supplement, p. 1678S-1688S, dec. 2004. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585788>

HOLICK, M. F. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Boston, v. 81, n. 3, p. 353-373, mar. 2006. Cited in: > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16529140

JIANG, F. et al. Systemic upregulation of NADPH oxidase in diet-induced obesity in rats. Redox Report, Melbourne, v. 16, n. 6, p. 223–229, nov. 2011. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22195989>

KANNEGANTI, T. D.; DIXIT V. D. Immunological complications of obesity. Nature Immunology, Memphis, v. 13, n. 8, p. 707-712, jul. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22814340>

KARLSSON, E. A.; BECK, M. A. The burden of obesity on infectious disease. Experimental Biology and Medicine, Memphis, v. 235, n. 12, p. 1412-142, dec. 2010. Cited in:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127339>

KIM, S. J. et al. Obesity activates toll-like receptor-mediated proinflammatory signaling cascades in the adipose tissue of mice. The journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Seoul, v. 23, n. 2, p. 113-122, feb. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414767>

KIMBALL, S.; FULEIHAN, G. H.; VIETH, R. Vitamin D: a growing perspective. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Toronto, v. 45, n. 4, p. 339-414, 2008. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568854>

KOK, J. et al. Viral Pneumonitis Is Increased in Obese Patients during the First Wave of Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 Virus. PLOS One, Sydney, v. 8, n. 2, p. e55631, fev. 2013. Cited in: <http://www.plosone.org/article/authors/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2 Fjournal.pone.0055631>

LAIMER, M. et al. Effect of pronounced weight loss on the nontraditional cardiovascular risk marker matrix metalloproteinase-9 in middle-aged morbidly obese women. International Journal Obesity, Innsbruck, v. 29, n. 5 p. 498–501, mai. 2005. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685246>

LAPPE, J. The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health: A Paradigm Shift. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Omaha, v. 16, n. 1, p. 58-72, jan. 2011. Cited in: <http://chp.sagepub.com/content/16/1.toc>

LEBLANC, E. at al. Associations Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Weight Gain in Elderly Women. Journal of Women's Health, Portland, v. 1, n. 10, p. 1066-73, out. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22731629>

LEFEBVRE, P. et al. Nutrient deficiencies in patients with obesity considering bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. Surgery of Obesity and Related Diseases, Montpellier, v. 13, n. 3, p. 540-546, mai/jun 2014. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630922>

LEVY, R.; MALECH, H. L. Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, lipopolysaccharide, or lipoteichoic acid on the expression of NADPH oxidase components in cultured human monocytes. The Journal of Immunology, Beer-Sheva, v.147, n. 9, p. 3066–3071, nov. 1991. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1655903>

LIN, R.; WHITE, J. H. The pleiotropic actions of vitamin D. Bioessays, Montreal, v. 26, n. 1, p. 21-8, jan. 2004. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14696037>

LIU, P. T. et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science, Los Angeles, v. 311, n. 5.768, p. 1770–1773, mar. 2006. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497887>

LYON, C. J.; LAW, R. E.; HSUEH, W. A. Minireview: adiposity, inflammation, and atherogenesis. Endocrinology, Los Angeles, v. 144, n. 6, p. 2195–2200, jun. 2003. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12746274>

MASON, C. et al. Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Washintong, v. 99, n. 5, p. 1015-1025, mar. 2014. Cited in: < http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5.toc>

MIKSZTOWICZ, V. et al. Increase in MMP-2 activity in overweight and obese women is associated with menopausal status. Climacteric, Buenos Aires, v. 15, n. 6, p. 602–606, dec. 2012. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642972>.

MILLER, W. L.; PORTALLE, A. A. Genetic Disorders of vitamin D Biosynthesis. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, San Francisco, v.28, n. 4, p. 825-840, dec. 1999. Cited in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10609122

MILOVANOVIC, M. et al. A Deficiência de vitamina D está associada com níveis aumentados de IL-17 e TNF-α em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia, Niska Banja, v. 98, n. 3, p. 259-264, dec. 2011. Cited in: < http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2012/9803/home.asp>.

MORENO, J. et al. Regulation of prostaglandin metabolism by calcitriol attenuates growth stimulation in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Research, Stanford, v. 65, n. 17, p. 7917–7925, set. 2005. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140963>

NORMAN, A. W. From vitamin D to hormone D: Fundamentals of the vitamina D endocrine system essential for good health. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Riverside, v. 88, n. 2, p. 491S-499S, august. 2008. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18689389>

OJAIMI, S. et al. Vitamin D deficiency impacts on expression of toll-like receptor-2 and cytokine profile: A pilot study. Journal of Translational Medicine, Victoria, v. 11, n. 1, p. 176, julho. 2013. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23875738

PAUSOVA, Z. From big fat cells to high blood pressure: a pathway to obesity-associated hypertension. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, Nottingham, v. 15, n. 2, p. 173-178, mar. 2006. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16481885>

REYNA, S. M. et al. Elevated toll-like receptor 4 expression and signaling in muscle from insulin resistant subjects. Diabetes, San Antonio, v. 57, n. 10, p. 2595–2602, out. 2008. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633101>

RONCHI, F. C.; SONAGLI, M. RONCHI, M. G. C. Prevalência de Hipovitaminose D em população de consultório médico. Revista do Médico Residente, Curitiba, v. 14, n. 3, p. 173-180, jul/set. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.crmpr.org.br/publicacoes/cientificas/index.php/revista-do medicoresidente/article/view/264/252>

ROOS, D.; VAN BRUGGEN, R.; MEISCHL, C. Oxidative killing of microbes by neutrophils. Microbes and Infection, Amsterdam, v. 5, n. 14, p. 1307-1315, Nov. 2003. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14613774>

ROTH, C. L. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in obese rats exacerbates NAFLD and increases hepatic resistin and toll-like receptor activation. Journal of Hepatology, Washington, v. 55, n. 4, p. 1103–1111, abril. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994008>

SADEGHI, K. et al. Vitamin D3 down-regulates monocyte TLR expression and triggers hyporesponsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. European Journal Immunology, Vienna, v. 36, n. 2, p. 361–370, fev. 2006. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16402404>

SAMUVEL, D. J. et al. Adipocytemononuclear cell interaction, Toll-like receptor 4 activation, and high glucose synergistically up-regulate osteopontin expression via an interleukin 6-mediated mechanism. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Sharleston, v. 285, n. 6, p. 3916–3927, feb. 2010. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007708>

SCHUCH, N. J.; GARCIA, V. C.; MARTINI, L. A. Vitamina D e doenças endocrinometabólicas. Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia & Metabologia, São Paulo, v. 53, n. 5, p. 625-633, abril. 2009. Cited in: < http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_issuetoc&pid=0004-273020090005&lng=en&nrm=iso>

SHI, H. et al. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Boston, v. 116, n. 11, p. 3015–3025, nov. 2006. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053832>

SHOELSON, S. E.; LEE, J.; GOLDFINE, A. B. Inflammation and insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Boston, v. 116, n. 7, p. 1793–1801, jul. 2006. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823477>

SONG, M. J. et al. Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 is associated with insulin resistance in adipocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, Seoul, v. 346, n. 3, p. 739–745, agosto. 2006. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16781673>

SOSKIĆ, S.; STOKIĆ, E.; ISENOVIĆ, E. R. The relationship between vitamin D and obesity. Current Medical Research & Opinion, Belgrade, v.30, n. 6, p. 1197-1199. Jun. 2014. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24640937>

STOKIĆ, E. et al. Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency: Trends to Promote a More Proatherogenic Cardiometabolic Risk Profile. Angiology, Novi Sad, v. 65 , n.3 , p. 1-7B, mar. 2014. Cited in: < http://ang.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/03/20/0003319714528569.full>

SUTTON, A. L.; MCDONALD, P. N. Vitamin D: more than a “bone-a-fide” hormone. Molecular Endocrinology, Cleveland, v. 17, n. 5, p. 777-791, mai. 2003. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637589>

SU, X.; ZEMEL, M. B. 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D and corticosteroid regulate adipocyte nuclear vitamin D receptor. International Journal Obesity, Knoxville, v. 32, n. 8, p. 1305-1311, agosto. 2008. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18427562>

TETICH, M. et al. Neuroprotective effects of (24R)-1,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry Molecular Bioly, Kraków, v. 89, n. 90, p. 365–370, mai. 2004. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15225802>

TISSANDIE, E. et al. Vitamin D: metabolism, regulation et maladies associées. Médecine/sciences, Paris, v. 22, n. 12, p. 1095-1100, Dec. 2006. Cited in: < http://www.medecinesciences.org/articles/medsci/abs/2006/11/medsci20062212p1095/medsci20062212p1095.html>

TRUDLER, D.; FARFARA, D.; FRENKEL, D. Toll-like receptors expression and signaling in glia cells in neuro-amyloidogenic diseases: towards future therapeutic application. Mediators of Inflammations, Tel Aviv Yafo, v. 2010, p. 1–12, jun. 2010. Cited in: < http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2010/497987/>

TSAN, M. F.; GAO, B. Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Washington, v. 76, n. 3, p. 514–519, set. 2004. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178705>

TSUCHIYA, K. et al. Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthesis reduces adiposity and improves insulin resistance in high fat-induced obese mice. Endocrinology, Tókio, v. 148, n. 10, p. 4548–4556, out. 2007. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17584959>

VAN DE SANDE-LEE, S.; VELLOSO, L. A. Disfunção hipotalâmica na obesidade. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, São Paulo, v. 56, n. 6, p. 341-350, augusto. 2012. Cited in: < http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-27302012000600001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt>

VASILOPOULOS, Y. et al. VDR TaqI is associated with obesity in the Greek population. Gene, Larissa, v. 512, n. 2, p. 237–239, jan. 2013. Cited in: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103831>

VIETH, R.; LADAK, Y.; WALSH, P. G. Age-related changes in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D versus parathyroid hormone relationship suggest a different reason why older adults require more vitamin D. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Toronto, v. 88, n. 1, p. 185-91, jan. 2003. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12519850>

YE, W. Z. et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity in type 2 diabetic subjects with early age of onset. European Journal of Endocrinology, Paris, v. 145, n. 2, p. 181–186, august. 2001. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11454514>

WAMBERG, L. et al. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on body fat accumulation, inflammation, and metabolic risk factors in obese adults with low vitamin D levels — Results from a randomized trial. European Journal of Internal Medicine, Aarhus, v. 24, n. 7, p. 644-49, out. 2013. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23566943>

WEBER, K.; ERBEN, R. G. Differences in triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism and resistance to obesity in male and female vitamin D receptor knockout mice. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Muenchen, v. 97, n. 4, p. 675-83, Aug. 2013. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22548652>

WEISBERG, S. P. et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, New York, v. 112, n. 12, p. 1796-1808, dec. 2003. Cited in:< http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14679176>

WELLEN, K. E.; HOTAMISLIGIL, G. S. Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Boston, v. 112, n. 12, p. 1785-1788, dec. 2003. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14679172>

ZINZER, G. M.; WELSH, J. E. Vitamin D receptor status alters mammary gland morphology and tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu mice. Carcinogenesis, Notre Dame, v. 25, n. 12, p. 2361–2372, dec. 2004. Cited in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333467>

Downloads

Arquivos adicionais

Publicado

2015-08-20

Como Citar

1.
PERCEGONI N, Castro JM de A. VITAMINA D, SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE – UMA REVISÃO. HU Rev [Internet]. 20º de agosto de 2015 [citado 29º de março de 2024];40(3 e 4). Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/hurevista/article/view/2456

Edição

Seção

Artigos de Revisão da Literatura

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)