VITAMINA D, SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE – UMA REVISÃO
Abstract
Este é um estudo descritivo na modalidade de revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados, tendo, como descritores, Vitamina D, Obesidade e Sobrepeso. Objetivou-se buscar, nas bases eletrônicas de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, a vitamina D como temática nos trabalhos entre 1978 e 2014. A vitamina D é um hormônio esteróide com efeitos biológicos que vão além da regulação do metabolismo ósseo. Sua forma ativa é a 1,25(OH)2D3 ou calcitriol, resultante da hidroxilação da 25OHD nos tecidos. A forma 25 (OH) D ou calcifediol é a predominante no sangue e reflete a homeostase desta vitamina no organismo. Os valores sanguíneos de referência têm sido amplamente discutidos, situando-se, na maioria dos estudos, entre 80 a 100nmol/l. Atualmente, a deficiência de vitamina D tem sido considerada um problema de saúde pública, por suas implicações no desenvolvimento de diversas doenças, entre elas o sobrepeso e a obesidade. Vitamina D exerce efeito na obesidade através do receptor de vitamina D, dos receptores do tipo Toll, de prostaglandinas, enzimas como óxido nítrico sintase e das espécies reativas de oxigênio. Indivíduos obesos invariavelmente apresentam concentrações plasmáticas inferiores de vitamina D e são menos responsivos à suplementação desta vitamina, principalmente quando concentrações menores são utilizadas. Contudo, a suplementação não tem se mostrado eficaz em contribuir para a perda de peso corporal, apesar de ser efetiva para a melhoria de alguns parâmetros inflamatórios. Em conclusão, são necessários mais estudos que relacionem vitamina D e obesidade no sentido de definir as concentrações ideais desta na circulação, bem como para suplementação.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vitamina D. Obesidade. Metabolismo. Alimentação.
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Os autores mantém todos os direitos autorais sobre a publicação, sem restrições, e concedem à HU Revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento irrestrito do trabalho, com reconhecimento da autoria e crédito pela citação de publicação inicial nesta revista, referenciando inclusive seu DOI.
