Macro and micronutrients in nutritional guidance for obesity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2018.v44.13962Keywords:
Obesity, Macronutrients, Micronutrients.Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease and has become an epidemic throughout the world. Its etiology is multifactorial and the treatment is complex, involving diet, physical exercises, drugs and, in more serious cases, surgery. According to national and international guidelines and consensus, macronutrient distribution is around 35% to 65% of the total energy value (VET) of carbohydrates, 15 to 25% of the protein VET and 20 to 40% of the VET of lipids. Through a literature review, controversial recommendations were found. According to the critical analysis of the investigators involved and according to results of recent research, it was concluded that hypocaloric diet (restriction of 500 to 750 kcal / day), hyperproteic (> 25% of TEV), hypoglycemia and normolipid was effective in long weight loss and maintenance term. In relation to lipids, it was verified that the diet should be more qualitative, with the reduction in the intake of cholesterol, saturated and trans fats. Consumption of fiber should be stimulated. Restrictive diets have not been shown to be sustainable over a long period, but can be used over a given period. In addition, the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in individuals with obesity even before bariatric surgery was consensual among the authors. It was concluded that dietary adherence and, consequently, negative balance are decisive factors for the promotion of weight loss. Food planning should be flexible and individualized and the contact between the nutritionist and the patient should be constant, aiming at food re-education. This article performed a critical analysis of macro and micronutrient recommendations in obesity aiming to contribute to the dietary treatment of this population.
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