Napoleon as Philoctetes
Appropriation of a Greek myth in anti-Napoleonic caricature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/2359-4489.2020.v6.31975Keywords:
Philoctetes, Napoleon, caricatureAbstract
This paper aims to present an instance of reappropriation of the myth of Philoctetes in an anti-Napoleonic caricature, Nicolas Philoctète dans l’Îsle d’Elbe (1814-1815), in which Napoleon on Elba is associated in a derogatory manner to Philoctetes on Lemnos. Antiquity, national discourse and caricature combine to compose a wounded, abandoned Napoleon, and the warrior virtues are ridiculed by an unknown artist who recreates a painting by the neoclassical French painter Guillaume Guillon Lethière, Philoctète dans l’île déserte de Lemnos (1798), in order to reinterpret the myth in a disparaging, anti-Napoleonic way.
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References
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SANTOS, Fernando Brandão dos. Filoctetes em Sófocles, André Gide e Heiner Müller. Itinerários: Revista de Literatura, n. 6, 1993.
SCHEIN, Seth L. Introduction. In: SOPHOCLES. Philoctetes. Edited by Seth L. Schein. Cambridge: CUP, 2013, pp. 01-59.
SHAW, Philip. Napoleon as Philoctetes: Military Masculinity, Sacrifice and the Image of the Wound. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, vol. 41, n. 4, 2018, pp. 559-577.
YOUNG, Norwood. Napoleon in Exile: Elba (1814-1815). Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1914.
BURKE, Peter. Testemunha Ocular: História e imagens. Bauru: Educs, 2004.
CLERC, Catherine. La Caricature contre Napoléon. Paris: Promodis, 1985.
DUPRAT, Annie. Une guerre des images: Louis XVIII, Napoléon et la France en 1815. Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 47, n. 3, juillet-septembre 2000, pp. 487-504.
DUPRAT, Annie. Histoire et images/histoire du visuel. In: DELACROIX, Christian; DOSSE, François; GARCIA, Patrick; OFFENSTADT, Nicolas (org.). Historiographies: Concepts et débats. Paris: Gallimard, 2010, pp. 307-317.
FAUTRIER, Pascale. Napoleão Bonaparte. Porto Alegre, RS: L&PM, 2016.
FULIŃSKA, Agnieszka. Ancient Topics in Anti-Napoleonic Caricature (1796-1821). In: DOMINAS, Konrad; WESOŁOWSKA, Elżbieta; TROCHA, Bogdan (ed.). Antiquity in Popular Literature and Culture. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, pp. 127-156.
GOMBRICH, E. H.; KRIS, Ernst. The Principles of Caricature. British Journal of Medical Psychology, Vol. 17, 1938, pp. 319-42.
GOMBRICH, E. H. Arte e Ilusão: Um estudo da psicologia da representação pictórica. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1995.
GRAVES, Robert. The Greek Myths. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1960.
HAYWOOD, Ian. Romanticism and Caricature. New York: CUP, 2013.
JAQUES, Susan. The Caesar of Paris: Napoleon Bonaparte, Rome, and the Artistic Obsession that Shaped an Empire. New York: Pegasus Books, 2018.
MACKENZIE, Norman. Napoleão: A Fuga de Elba. Rio de Janeiro: Globo Livros, 2018.
SANTOS, Fernando Brandão dos. Filoctetes em Sófocles, André Gide e Heiner Müller. Itinerários: Revista de Literatura, n. 6, 1993.
SCHEIN, Seth L. Introduction. In: SOPHOCLES. Philoctetes. Edited by Seth L. Schein. Cambridge: CUP, 2013, pp. 01-59.
SHAW, Philip. Napoleon as Philoctetes: Military Masculinity, Sacrifice and the Image of the Wound. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, vol. 41, n. 4, 2018, pp. 559-577.
YOUNG, Norwood. Napoleon in Exile: Elba (1814-1815). Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1914.
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Published
2020-12-15
How to Cite
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DAGIOS, M. Napoleon As Philoctetes: Appropriation of a Greek Myth in Anti-Napoleonic Caricature. FDC 2020, 6, 294-310.
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