Uma reflexão sobre o papel de Thomas Müntzer no pensamento marxista
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Guerra dos Camponeses, Thomas Müntzer, pensamento político marxistaResumo
A obra “A Guerra dos Camponeses Alemães”, de Friedrich Engels, de 1850, mas somente publicada em 1870, constitui-se em um dos principais referenciais sobre as relações entre religião e política no pensamento marxista. Nesta obra, a análise de Engels sobre a Guerra dos Camponeses, de 1524-1525, destacou o papel do líder maior da rebelião camponesa, o pregador Thomas Müntzer, realçando muito mais o seu papel como líder político do que as questões religiosas que motivaram o início da Guerra dos Camponeses. Este tornou-se um livro fulcral para a teoria política marxista posterior, de um modo especial para aqueles pensadores que se dedicaram a vincular religião e política.
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Referências
ARNOLD, Matthieu, BÉHAR, Pierre, BOIS, Pierre-André et al.. Luther et la Réforme 1525-1555 - le temps de la consolidation religieuse et politique. Paris: Ed. Du Temps, 2000.
ARTHUR, Anthony. The Tailor-King: the rise and fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster. New York: Thomas Dune Books, 1999.
ATKINSON, James. Lutero y el nacimiento del Protestantismo. Madrid: Alianza, 1993.
BAINTON, Roland H.. The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.
BARNAVI, Elie e ROWLEY, Anthony. Tuez-les tous! La guerre de religion à travers l’histoire – VIIe – XXIe siècle. Paris: Perrin, 2006.
BLICKLE, Peter. Der Bauernkrieg, Die Revolution des Gemeinen Mannes. München: C. H. Beck, 1998.
BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Müntzer, teólogo de la revolución. Madrid: A. Machado Libros, 2002.
BOBBIO, Norberto. Nem com Marx, nem contra Marx. S. Paulo: EdUNESP, 2004.
BRECHT, Martin. Martin Luther – shaping and defining the Reformation 1521-1532. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.
BRINKS, Jan Herman. Einige Überlegungen zur politischen Instrumentalisierung Martin Luthers durch die deutsche Historiographie im neunzehnten und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Zeitgeschichte, 22. Jahrgang, Juli/August ,Wien 1995, Heft 7/8, pp. 233-48.
BUZZI, Franco. Breve storia del pensiero protestante da Lutero a Pannenberg. Roma: Ancora, 2007.
CAHN Jean-Paul e SCHNEILIN, Gérard (coords.). Luther et la Réforme 1519-1526. Paris: Ed. Du Temps, 2000.
CATTEPOEL, Jan. Thomas Müntzer: Ein Mystiker als Terrorist. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2007.
CIAPURA, Markus. Thomas Müntzer und der Bauernkrieg. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2007.
COHN, Norman. The pursuit of the Millennium. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 22nd ed..
DE BONI, Luis Alberto (org.). Escritos Seletos de Martinho Lutero, Tomás Müntzer e João Calvino. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2000.
DENIFLE, Enrico (Heinrich). Lutero e Luteranesimo nel loro primo sviluppo esposti secondo le fonti. Roma: Desclée & C. Editori Pontifici, 1914.
DIXON, C. Scott (ed.). Reformation in Germany. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
DIXON, Charles Scott e SCRIBNER, Robert W.. The German Reformation. New York: Palgrave, 2003.
ELLIGER, Walter. Thomas Müntzer. Leben und Werk. München: Vandenhoeck + Ruprecht Gm., 1997.
ENGELS, Frederick. The Peasant War in Germany. Moscou: International Publishers, 1926.
EVANS, G. R.. Problems of authority in the Reformation debates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
FELLENBERG, Peter. Thomas Müntzer - Die Fürstenpredigt. Berlin: DESOTRON Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998.
FISCHER, Ludwig. Die lutherischen Pamphlete gegen Thomas Müntzer. München: DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch, 1982.
FLIEDNER, Federico. Martin Lutero, emancipador de la conciencia. Barcelona: Clie, 1989.
FORTE, Dieter. Martin Luther und Thomas Münzer oder Die Einführung der Buchhaltung. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1981.
FRIESEN, Abraham. Thomas Muentzer, a Destroyer of the Godless: The Making of a Sixteenth-Century Religious Revolutionary. Fresno: University of California Press, 1990.
GAGNEBIN, Laurent e PICON, Raphaël. Le protestantisme: La foi insoumise. Paris: Flammarion, 2005.
GEBHARDT, Armin. Thomas Müntzer. Revolution statt Reformation. Eine Studie. Frankfurt: Tectum-Verlag, 2004.
GOERTZ, Hans-Jürgen. Thomas Müntzer. Mystiker - Apokalyptiker – Revolutionär. München: Beck, 1999.
GRELL, Ole Peter e SCRIBNER, Bob. Tolerance and Intolerance In The European Reformation. New York: Cambridge, 2002.
GRITSCH, Eric W.. Thomas Müntzer: A tragedy of errors. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 2006.
HAUGHT, James A.. Perseguições religiosas. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2003.
HILL, Christopher. The world turned upside down. London: Penguin, 1991.
KANTZENBACH, Friedrich W.. Martin Lutero, il riformatore borghese. Turim: San Paolo, 1984.
KOLB, Robert. Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, Hero. Cambridge: Baker Publishing Group, 2000.
KRUSCHEL, Heinz. Rebell mit Kreuz und Schwert - Das Leben des Thomas Muentzer. Berlin: Kinderbuchverlag, 1975.
LUTERO, Martinho. Obras selecionadas vol. 6. S. Leopoldo: Sinodal, 2001.
MARX, Karl e ENGELS, Friedrich. On religion. Mineola: Dover Publications, 2008.
MATA, Sérgio da. Sacralização da política, politização do sagrado (quando a Igreja se descortina). Varia Historia, n. 16, 1996, p. 142-157.
MÜNTZER, Thomas. Tratados y Sermones. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2001.
MÜNTZER, Thomas e EBERT, Klaus (ed.). Thomas Müntzer. Im Urteil der Geschichte. Von Martin Luther bis Ernst Bloch. München: Peter Hammer Verlag, 1990.
PORTER, J. M. (ed.). Luther: Selected political writings.Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003.
RANDELL, Keith. Luther and the German Reformation 1517-55. Michigan: Trans-Atlantic Publications, 2000.
RANKE, Leopold Von. The History Of The Popes (Their Church And State In The Sixteenth And Seventeenth Centuries). Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, 2006.
_________________. History Of The Reformation In Germany. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, 2007.
SCRIBNER, Robert W. e PORTER, Roy. The Reformation in the national context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
STAYER, James M.. The German Peasants’ War and the Anabaptist Community of Goods. New Cork: McGilligan Books, 1994.
_______________ . Martin Luther, German Saviour. Oxford: MacGilligan Books, 2000.
STÜDEMANN, Frank. Radikaler Prediger und städtisches Umfeld - Thomas Müntzer in Zwickau, Prag und Allstedt. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2002.
VV. AA. Der Theologe Thomas Müntzer. Untersuchung zu seiner Entwicklung und Lehre. Frankfurt, s/d.
ARTHUR, Anthony. The Tailor-King: the rise and fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster. New York: Thomas Dune Books, 1999.
ATKINSON, James. Lutero y el nacimiento del Protestantismo. Madrid: Alianza, 1993.
BAINTON, Roland H.. The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.
BARNAVI, Elie e ROWLEY, Anthony. Tuez-les tous! La guerre de religion à travers l’histoire – VIIe – XXIe siècle. Paris: Perrin, 2006.
BLICKLE, Peter. Der Bauernkrieg, Die Revolution des Gemeinen Mannes. München: C. H. Beck, 1998.
BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Müntzer, teólogo de la revolución. Madrid: A. Machado Libros, 2002.
BOBBIO, Norberto. Nem com Marx, nem contra Marx. S. Paulo: EdUNESP, 2004.
BRECHT, Martin. Martin Luther – shaping and defining the Reformation 1521-1532. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.
BRINKS, Jan Herman. Einige Überlegungen zur politischen Instrumentalisierung Martin Luthers durch die deutsche Historiographie im neunzehnten und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Zeitgeschichte, 22. Jahrgang, Juli/August ,Wien 1995, Heft 7/8, pp. 233-48.
BUZZI, Franco. Breve storia del pensiero protestante da Lutero a Pannenberg. Roma: Ancora, 2007.
CAHN Jean-Paul e SCHNEILIN, Gérard (coords.). Luther et la Réforme 1519-1526. Paris: Ed. Du Temps, 2000.
CATTEPOEL, Jan. Thomas Müntzer: Ein Mystiker als Terrorist. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2007.
CIAPURA, Markus. Thomas Müntzer und der Bauernkrieg. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2007.
COHN, Norman. The pursuit of the Millennium. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 22nd ed..
DE BONI, Luis Alberto (org.). Escritos Seletos de Martinho Lutero, Tomás Müntzer e João Calvino. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2000.
DENIFLE, Enrico (Heinrich). Lutero e Luteranesimo nel loro primo sviluppo esposti secondo le fonti. Roma: Desclée & C. Editori Pontifici, 1914.
DIXON, C. Scott (ed.). Reformation in Germany. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
DIXON, Charles Scott e SCRIBNER, Robert W.. The German Reformation. New York: Palgrave, 2003.
ELLIGER, Walter. Thomas Müntzer. Leben und Werk. München: Vandenhoeck + Ruprecht Gm., 1997.
ENGELS, Frederick. The Peasant War in Germany. Moscou: International Publishers, 1926.
EVANS, G. R.. Problems of authority in the Reformation debates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
FELLENBERG, Peter. Thomas Müntzer - Die Fürstenpredigt. Berlin: DESOTRON Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998.
FISCHER, Ludwig. Die lutherischen Pamphlete gegen Thomas Müntzer. München: DTV Deutscher Taschenbuch, 1982.
FLIEDNER, Federico. Martin Lutero, emancipador de la conciencia. Barcelona: Clie, 1989.
FORTE, Dieter. Martin Luther und Thomas Münzer oder Die Einführung der Buchhaltung. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1981.
FRIESEN, Abraham. Thomas Muentzer, a Destroyer of the Godless: The Making of a Sixteenth-Century Religious Revolutionary. Fresno: University of California Press, 1990.
GAGNEBIN, Laurent e PICON, Raphaël. Le protestantisme: La foi insoumise. Paris: Flammarion, 2005.
GEBHARDT, Armin. Thomas Müntzer. Revolution statt Reformation. Eine Studie. Frankfurt: Tectum-Verlag, 2004.
GOERTZ, Hans-Jürgen. Thomas Müntzer. Mystiker - Apokalyptiker – Revolutionär. München: Beck, 1999.
GRELL, Ole Peter e SCRIBNER, Bob. Tolerance and Intolerance In The European Reformation. New York: Cambridge, 2002.
GRITSCH, Eric W.. Thomas Müntzer: A tragedy of errors. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 2006.
HAUGHT, James A.. Perseguições religiosas. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2003.
HILL, Christopher. The world turned upside down. London: Penguin, 1991.
KANTZENBACH, Friedrich W.. Martin Lutero, il riformatore borghese. Turim: San Paolo, 1984.
KOLB, Robert. Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, Hero. Cambridge: Baker Publishing Group, 2000.
KRUSCHEL, Heinz. Rebell mit Kreuz und Schwert - Das Leben des Thomas Muentzer. Berlin: Kinderbuchverlag, 1975.
LUTERO, Martinho. Obras selecionadas vol. 6. S. Leopoldo: Sinodal, 2001.
MARX, Karl e ENGELS, Friedrich. On religion. Mineola: Dover Publications, 2008.
MATA, Sérgio da. Sacralização da política, politização do sagrado (quando a Igreja se descortina). Varia Historia, n. 16, 1996, p. 142-157.
MÜNTZER, Thomas. Tratados y Sermones. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2001.
MÜNTZER, Thomas e EBERT, Klaus (ed.). Thomas Müntzer. Im Urteil der Geschichte. Von Martin Luther bis Ernst Bloch. München: Peter Hammer Verlag, 1990.
PORTER, J. M. (ed.). Luther: Selected political writings.Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003.
RANDELL, Keith. Luther and the German Reformation 1517-55. Michigan: Trans-Atlantic Publications, 2000.
RANKE, Leopold Von. The History Of The Popes (Their Church And State In The Sixteenth And Seventeenth Centuries). Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, 2006.
_________________. History Of The Reformation In Germany. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, 2007.
SCRIBNER, Robert W. e PORTER, Roy. The Reformation in the national context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
STAYER, James M.. The German Peasants’ War and the Anabaptist Community of Goods. New Cork: McGilligan Books, 1994.
_______________ . Martin Luther, German Saviour. Oxford: MacGilligan Books, 2000.
STÜDEMANN, Frank. Radikaler Prediger und städtisches Umfeld - Thomas Müntzer in Zwickau, Prag und Allstedt. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2002.
VV. AA. Der Theologe Thomas Müntzer. Untersuchung zu seiner Entwicklung und Lehre. Frankfurt, s/d.
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Publicado
2009-03-10
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HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS, J. Uma reflexão sobre o papel de Thomas Müntzer no pensamento marxista. Sacrilegens , [S. l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 75–84, 2009. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/sacrilegens/article/view/26471. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2024.
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