Religião, cognição e as ciências do cérebro: uma introdução
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/2237-6151.2017.v14.26968Palabras clave:
Ciência Cognitiva, neurociência, psicologia da religião, antropologia da religião, Ciência da ReligiãoResumen
Embora a percepção popular comumente apresente um conflito intratável entre “Religião” e “Ciência”, o estudo acadêmico contemporâneo do fenômeno religioso vem mostrando como sua interseção pode ser positiva, unindo disciplinas das Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Naturais na tentativa de fornecer o relato mais completo possível, não somente na descrição de comportamentos e crenças religiosas, mas para o porquê do cérebro humano operar do modo como o faz. Porém, valer-se de pesquisas científicas para elucidar a cognição religiosa é apenas parte desse cenário, uma vez que tal forma de percepção também pode esclarecer o que foge à Ciência em suas suposições laboratoriais. Na construção de uma relação experimental, abre-se, assim, um fascinante espaço para o entendimento de como os humanos se desenvolveram e qual seu potencial para posteriores transformações.
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Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 206–
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SCHJØDT, Uffe, STØDKILDE-JØRGENSEN, Hans, & GEERTZ, Armin W. Highly Religious Participants Recruit Areas of Social Cognition in Personal Prayer. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(2), p. 199–207, 2009.
SCHULTZ, W. Neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data. Physiological Reviews, 95(3), p. 853-951, 2015.
SHARIFF, Azim F., & NORENZAYAN, Ara. The Origin and Evolution of Religious Prosociality. Science, 322 (5898), p. 58–62, 2008.
SLONE, D. Jason, & VAN SLYKE, James (Org.). The Attraction of Religion: A New Evolutionary Psychology of Religion. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
SOSIS, Richard, & BULBULIA, Joseph. The Behavioral Ecology of Religion: The Benefits and Costs of One Evolutionary Approach. Religion, 41(3), p. 341–362, 2011.
SPERBER, Dan. Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
SWANN, William et al. When Group Membership Gets Personal: A Theory of Identity Fusion. Psychological Review, 199(3), p. 441–456, 2012.
TART, Charles T (Org.). Altered States of Consciousness: A Book of Readings. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1969.
TAVES, Ann. Religious Experience Reconsidered: A Building-Block Approach to the Study of Religion and Other Special Things. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
THAGARD, P. Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
TOMASINO, Barbara et al. Meditation-related Activations Are Modulated by the Practices Needed to Obtain It and by the Expertise: An ALE Meta-analysis Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, p. 1–14, 2012.
WATTS, Fraser, & TURNER, Leon. Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
WHITEHOUSE, Harvey. Inside the Cult: Religious Innovation and Transmission in Papua New Guinea. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
______. Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira, 2004.
WHITEHOUSE, Harvey, & LANMAN, Jonathan. The Ties that Bind Us: Ritual, Fusion, and Identification. Current Anthropology, 55(6), p. 674–695, 2014.
WINKELMAN, Michael. Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing. Westport: Bergin & Garvey, 2000.
XYGALATAS, Dimitris. The Burning Saints: Cognition and Culture in the Fire-walking Rituals of the Anastenaria. New York: Routledge, 2012.
ATRAN, Scott. In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2002.
ATRAN, Scott, & HENRICH, Joseph. The Evolution of Religion: How Cognitive By-
Products, Adaptive Learning Heuristics, Ritual Displays, and Group Competition Generate
Deep Commitments to Prosocial Religion. Biological Theory, 5, p. 18-30, 2010.
BAER, Ruth A. Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical
Review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), p. 125-143, 2003.
BARBOUR, Ian G. Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues. New York:
HarperCollins, 1997.
BARNARD, G. William. Entheogens in a Religious Context: The Case of the Santo Daime
Religious Tradition. Zygon, 49(3), p. 666–684, 2014.
Barrett, Justin L. Why Would Anyone Believe in God? Walnut Creek: AltaMira, 2004.
______. Born Believers: The Science of Children’s Religious Belief. New York: Free Press,
2012.
BOYER, Pascal. The Naturlness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion. Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1994.
______. Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought. New York:
Basic, 2001.
Bulkeley, Kelly. The Wondering Brain: Thinking about Religion with and beyond Cognitive
Neuroscience.
New York: Routledge, 2005.
______. Dreaming in the World’s Religions: A Comparative History. New York: New York
University Press, 2008.
BULBULIA, Joseph et al. The Cultural Evolution of Religion. In: RICHERSON, J., &
CHRISTIANSEN, Morten H. (Org.). Cultural Evolution: Society, Technology, Language,
and Religion. Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 381–404, 2013.
CARLSON, N. R. Physiology of Behavior. London: Pearson, 2012.
CHOMSKY, Noam. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1969.
COHEN, Emma. The Mind Possessed: The Cognition of Spirit Possession in an Afro-
Brazilian Religious Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
CORR, P. J. Understanding Biological Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
CZACHESZ, István. The Promise of the Cognitive Science of Religion for Biblical Studies.
The Council of Societies for the Study of Religion Bulletin, 37(4), p. 102–105, 2008.
CZACHESZ, István, & BIRÓ, Tamás (Org.). Changing Minds: Religion and Cognition
Through the Ages. Leuven: Peeters, 2011.
DAWKINS, Richard. The God Delusion. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.
DECETY, J., & JACKSON, P. L. The Functional Architecture of Human Empathy.
Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(2), p. 71–100, 2004.
Fischer, Ronald et al. The Fire-Walker’s High: Affect and Physiological Responses in an
Extreme Collective Ritual. PLoS ONE, 9(2), p. 1–6, 2014).
GAZZANIGA, M. S., IVRY, R. B., & MANGUN, G. R. Cognitive Neuroscience, the
Biology of the Mind. New York: W.W. Norton, publishers, 2009.
GOULD, Stephen Jay. Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life. New
York: Ballantine, 1999.
GUTHRIE, Stewart. Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1993.
IVERSON, J., & THELEN, E. Hand, mouth, and brain: The dynamic emergence of speech
and gesture. In: NÚÑEZ, R., & FREEMAN, W. J. (Org.). Reclaiming cognition: The
primacy of action, intention, and emotion. Thorverton: Imprint Academic, p. 19-40, 2000.
JAMES, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. New York: Modern Library, 1909.
JOHNSTONE, R. A. The evolution of animal signals. In: KREBS, J. R., & DAVIES N. B.
(Org.). Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell, Oxford, p. 155–178,
1997.
KABAT-ZINN, Jon. An Outpatient Program in Behavioral Medicine for Chronic Pain
Patients Based on the Practice of Mindfulness Meditation: Theoretical Considerations and
Preliminary Results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), p. 33–47, 1982.
KRIPAL, Jeffrey J. Esalen: America and the Religion of No Religion. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2007.
LAKOFF, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1980.
______. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western
Thought. New York: Basic, 1999.
LEVY, Gabriel. Judaic Technologies of the Word: A Cognitive Analysis of Jewish Cultural
Formation. New York: Routledge, 2012.
LUTZ, Antoine et al. Altered Anterior Insula Activation during Anticipation and Experience
of Painful Stimuli in Expert Meditators. NeuroImage, 64, p. 538–546, 2013.
MCCAULEY, Robert N., & LAWSON, E. Rethinking Religion: Connecting Cognition and
Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
______. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2002.
MCRAE, Ken, & MICHAEL, Jones. Semantic Memory. In: REISBERG, Daniel (Org.). The
Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 206–
216, 2013.
NEWBERG, Andrew. Principles of Neurotheology. Surrey: Ashgate, 2010.
NORENZAYAN, Ara. Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and Conflict.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
PINKER, Steven. The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York: Penguin, 2002.
PYYSIÄINEN, Ilkka. Cognitive Science of Religion: State-of-the-Art. Journal of the Cognitive Science of Religion, 1(1), p. 5–28, 2012.
RAKIC, P. Neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex: an evaluation of the evidence. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 3(1), p. 65–71, 2002.
REDDY, Sheethal et al. Cognitive-Based Compassion Training: A Promising Prevention Strategy for At-Risk Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(2), p. 199–207, 2009.
RICARD, Matthieu, LUTZ, Antoine, & DAVIDSON, Richard. Mind of the Meditator. Scientific American, 311(5), p. 38–45, 2014.
SCHACTER, Daniel L. et al. Psychology. New York: Worth, Incorporated, 2011.
SCHJØDT, Uffe, STØDKILDE-JØRGENSEN, Hans, & GEERTZ, Armin W. Highly Religious Participants Recruit Areas of Social Cognition in Personal Prayer. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(2), p. 199–207, 2009.
SCHULTZ, W. Neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data. Physiological Reviews, 95(3), p. 853-951, 2015.
SHARIFF, Azim F., & NORENZAYAN, Ara. The Origin and Evolution of Religious Prosociality. Science, 322 (5898), p. 58–62, 2008.
SLONE, D. Jason, & VAN SLYKE, James (Org.). The Attraction of Religion: A New Evolutionary Psychology of Religion. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
SOSIS, Richard, & BULBULIA, Joseph. The Behavioral Ecology of Religion: The Benefits and Costs of One Evolutionary Approach. Religion, 41(3), p. 341–362, 2011.
SPERBER, Dan. Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
SWANN, William et al. When Group Membership Gets Personal: A Theory of Identity Fusion. Psychological Review, 199(3), p. 441–456, 2012.
TART, Charles T (Org.). Altered States of Consciousness: A Book of Readings. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1969.
TAVES, Ann. Religious Experience Reconsidered: A Building-Block Approach to the Study of Religion and Other Special Things. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
THAGARD, P. Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
TOMASINO, Barbara et al. Meditation-related Activations Are Modulated by the Practices Needed to Obtain It and by the Expertise: An ALE Meta-analysis Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, p. 1–14, 2012.
WATTS, Fraser, & TURNER, Leon. Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
WHITEHOUSE, Harvey. Inside the Cult: Religious Innovation and Transmission in Papua New Guinea. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
______. Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira, 2004.
WHITEHOUSE, Harvey, & LANMAN, Jonathan. The Ties that Bind Us: Ritual, Fusion, and Identification. Current Anthropology, 55(6), p. 674–695, 2014.
WINKELMAN, Michael. Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing. Westport: Bergin & Garvey, 2000.
XYGALATAS, Dimitris. The Burning Saints: Cognition and Culture in the Fire-walking Rituals of the Anastenaria. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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2017-03-03
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MOREIRA MAIA SILVA, T. .; SOARES DOS SANTOS, L. . Religião, cognição e as ciências do cérebro: uma introdução. Sacrilegens , [S. l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 90–109, 2017. DOI: 10.34019/2237-6151.2017.v14.26968. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/sacrilegens/article/view/26968. Acesso em: 22 dic. 2024.
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