The fury berserkr
the relationship between violence and religion in the context of the Old Norse Religion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/2237-6151.2020.v17.29985Keywords:
Berserkr, Berserkrgangr, Old Norse religion, violence.Abstract
The research had as object of study the Ancient Religion, in particular, the figure of the Berserkir, warriors of the Viking Age (VIII-XI) who performed magical rituals and would be associated with Odin, a warrior deity. From the analysis of mediaeval documentation, the goal is to make the difference between violence and criticism, the vision and the issue of today, in no way a tendency to defend a romanticized view of religions as the pre-pregnant of the well, but other indicators of intolerance and fanaticism as propagators of different acts of violence. Putting this, analyzing how the discourses relate in the context of the efforts, seeking that violence and religion are not antagonistic, but collaborating in the formalization of a "sacralized violence."
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References
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FLANNERY, Daniel J; VAZSONYI, Alexander T; WALDMAN, Irwin D. The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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REES, Owen. The psychology of the Berserkers: Going berserk. Medieval Warfare, v. II, n. 1, 2012, p. 23-26.
SCHJØDT, Jens Peter. Óðinn, Warriors, and Death. In: QUINN, Judy; HESLOP, Kate; WILLS, Tarrin (eds.). Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse World: Essays in Honour of Margaret Clunies Ross. Brepols, v. 18, 2007, p. 137-151.
SIMEK, Rudolf. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Angela Hill. 4. reprinted [2007]. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993.
SPEIDEL, Michael P. Berserks: A History of Indo-European "Mad Warriors". Journal of World History, v. 13, n. 2, 2002, p. 253-259.
STURLUSON, Snorri. La Saga de los Ynglinglos. Tradução, introdução e notas de Santiago Ibáñez Lluch. Coleccion Gorgona, ediciones Tilde. Valencia 1997.
WADE, Jenny. Going berserk: Battle trance and ecstatic holy warriors in the European war magic tradition. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, v. 3, n. 1, 2016, p. 21-38.
ALCORTA, Candance S; SOSIS, Richard. Ritual, Religion, and Violence: An Evolutionary Perspective. In: JUERGENSMEYER, Mark; KITTS, Margo; JERRYSON, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. p. 670-700.
ANÔNIMO. Egil’s saga. In: The Sagas of Icelanders. Edited by Örnólfur Thorsson and Bernard Scudder. London: Penguin Books, 2001, p. 3-184.
ANÔNIMO. Hervarar saga ok Heidreks. Notes and glossary by G. Turville-Petre, introduction by Christopher Tolkien. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1956.
ANÔNIMO. King Hrolf and his champions. In: Eirik The Red and Other Icelandic Sagas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 221- 318.
CASSIRER, Ernst. Ensaio sobre o homem: introdução a uma filosofia da cultura humana. 2. ed. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2012.
DAVIDSON, Hilda Ellis Rodrick. Deuses e mitos no norte da Europa. São Paulo: Madras, 2004.
DUBOIS, Thomas A. The Nordic religions in the Viking Age. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
DUMÉZIL, Georges. The destiny of the warrior. Translated by Alf Hiltebeitel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.
FLANNERY, Daniel J; VAZSONYI, Alexander T; WALDMAN, Irwin D. The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
HULTGÅRD, Anders. The religion of the vikings. In: BRINK, Stefan (ed.). The Viking World. London/New York: Routledge, 2008, p. 212–218.
KITTS, Margo; JUERGENSMEYER, Mark; JERRYSON, Michael. Introduction: The Enduring Relationship of Religion and Violence. In: JUERGENSMEYER, Mark; KITTS, Margo; JERRYSON, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. p. 16-28.
KITTS, Margo. Religion and Violence from Literary Perspectives. In: JUERGENSMEYER, Mark; KITTS, Margo; JERRYSON, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. p. 469-496.
LANGER, Johnni. A cristianização da Escandinávia nas sagas islandesas. In: A religiosidade dos celtas e germanos: Anais do IV Simpósio Nacional e III Internacional de Estudos Celtas e Germânicos/Johnni Langer; Luciana Campos (orgs.). São Luís: UFMA/ Gráfica Santa Clara, 2010, p. 143-164
________. Fúria e sangue: os berserkers. Desvendando a história, v. 3, a. 16, 2007.
________. Guerra ao modo Viking. Brathair, v. 8, n. 2, 2008, p. 85-93.
________. História e sociedade nas sagas islandesas: perspectivas metodológicas. Alétheia, v. 1, janeiro/julho de 2009.
________. Paganismo nórdico. In: LANGER, Johnni (org). Dicionário de mitologia nórdica: mitos e ritos. São Paulo: Hedra, 2015, p. 357-361.
________. A religião nórdica antiga: conceitos e métodos de pesquisa. Rever, ano 16, n. 2, p. 118-143, 2016.
________. Vikings. In: FUNARI, Pedro Paulo (org.). As religiões que o mundo esqueceu. São Paulo: Editora Contexto, 2009, p. 131-144.
LANTERNARI, Vittorio. Religioni, magia e droga. San Cesario di Lecce: Manni, 2006.
MCCORMICK, Patrick T. Violence: religion, terror, war. Theological Studies, n. 67, 2006, p. 143-162.
MIRANDA, Pablo Gomes de. Berserkir. In: LANGER, Johnni (org.). Dicionário de Mitologia Nórdica: mitos e ritos. São Paulo: Hedra, 2015. p, 68-73.
MOITA, Sandro Teixeira. Batalha de Hafisfjord. In: LANGER, Johnni (org.). Dicionário de história e cultura da Era Viking. São Paulo: Hedra, 2018. p. 89-91.
OLIVEIRA, João Bittencourt de. Aventura e Magia no Mundo das Sagas Islandesas. Revista Brathair, v. 9, n. 1, 2009, p. 38-65.
OLIVEIRA, Leandro Vilar. Expansão nórdica. In: LANGER, Johnni (org.). Dicionário de história e cultura da Era Viking. São Paulo: Hedra, 2018. p. 244-249.
PAGE, Raymond. Saber e Religião na Escandinávia. In: GRAHAM-CAMPBELL, James (org.). Os Vikings. Tradução Carlos Nougué. Barcelona: Ediciones Folio S.A., 2006, p. 100-120.
POPOVSKI, Vesselin. Religion and War. In: POPOVSKI, Vesselin; REICHEBERG, Gregory M; TURNER, Nicholas. World religions and Norms of War. New York: United Nations University Press, 2009. p. 11-29.
PRICE, Neil. The Viking Way: religion and war in Late Iron Age of Scandinavia. Uppsala: Aun 31, 2002.
PURZYCKI, Benjamin Grant; GIBSON, Kyle. Religion and Violence: an antropologhical study on religious belief and violent behavior. Skpetic Magazine, vol. 16, n. 2, 2010, p. 1-7.
REES, Owen. The psychology of the Berserkers: Going berserk. Medieval Warfare, v. II, n. 1, 2012, p. 23-26.
SCHJØDT, Jens Peter. Óðinn, Warriors, and Death. In: QUINN, Judy; HESLOP, Kate; WILLS, Tarrin (eds.). Learning and Understanding in the Old Norse World: Essays in Honour of Margaret Clunies Ross. Brepols, v. 18, 2007, p. 137-151.
SIMEK, Rudolf. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Angela Hill. 4. reprinted [2007]. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993.
SPEIDEL, Michael P. Berserks: A History of Indo-European "Mad Warriors". Journal of World History, v. 13, n. 2, 2002, p. 253-259.
STURLUSON, Snorri. La Saga de los Ynglinglos. Tradução, introdução e notas de Santiago Ibáñez Lluch. Coleccion Gorgona, ediciones Tilde. Valencia 1997.
WADE, Jenny. Going berserk: Battle trance and ecstatic holy warriors in the European war magic tradition. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, v. 3, n. 1, 2016, p. 21-38.
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Published
2020-07-31
How to Cite
OLIVEIRA, L.; ARAUJO SILVA, M. The fury berserkr: the relationship between violence and religion in the context of the Old Norse Religion. Sacrilegens , [S. l.], v. 17, n. 1, p. 276–301, 2020. DOI: 10.34019/2237-6151.2020.v17.29985. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/sacrilegens/article/view/29985. Acesso em: 12 dec. 2024.
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