Para Além dos Princípios de Psicologia: Evolução e Sentido do Projeto Psicológico de William James
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24879/2017001100100209Resumo
William James é uma figura central na história da psicologia e da filosofia. Entretanto, a interpretação de sua obra ainda está repleta de lacunas e mal-entendidos. Por exemplo, a extensão e o sentido do seu projeto psicológico permanecem mal compreendidos. Para muitos autores, James teria abandonado a psicologia após The Principles of Psychology (1890), ao passo que outros entendem o The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) como obra psicológica. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a questão da evolução do projeto psicológico de James, acompanhando diversos momentos de sua manifestação ao longo de sua carreira. Ao final, vamos defender aquilo que chamamos de tese da pervasividade, segundo a qual a psicologia está presente em toda a obra de James.Downloads
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Referências
Allport, G. (1943). The productive paradoxes of William James. Psychological Review, 50(1), 95-120.
Baldwin, B. T. (1911). William James’s contributions to education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2, 369-382.
Bernstein, R. (1977). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: A pluralistic universe (pp. xi-xxix). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Boring, E. (1950). A history of experimental psychology (2nd ed). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Burkhardt, F. H.; Bowers, F.; & Skrupskelis, I. K. (Eds.) (1975-1988). The works of William James (19 vols.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Callaway, H. G. (2008). Introduction. In H. G. Callaway (Ed.), A pluralistic universe by William James. A new philosophical reading (pp. xi-l). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Croce, P. (2012). The non-disciplinary James. William James Studies, 8, 1-33.
Fancher, R. E. & Rutherford, A. (2017). Pioneers of psychology (5th ed.). New York: Norton.
Ferreira, A. A. L. & Gutman, G. (2008). O funcionalismo em seus primórdios: A psicologia a serviço da adaptação. In A. M. Jacó-Vilela; A. A. L. Ferreira; & F. Portugal (Eds.), História da Psicologia: rumos e percursos (pp. 121-140). Rio de Janeiro: NAU editora.
Froh, J. J. (2004). The history of positive psychology. The NYS Psychologist, 16(3), 18-20.
Frutos, H. G. (2010). James y Freud: convergencias y divergencias alrededor del inconsciente. Revista de Historia de la Psicologia, 31(2-3), 75-88.
Goodwin, C. J. (2008). História da psicologia moderna. (3ª Ed.) (p. 189-199). São Paulo: Editora Cultrix.
Greenwood, J. (2009). A conceptual history of psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heft, H. (2001). Ecological psychology in context: James Gibson, Roger Barker, and the Legacy of William James’s radical empiricism. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Heidbreder, E. (1933). Seven psychologies. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Herrnstein, R. J. & Boring, E. G. (1966). A source book in the history of psychology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hilgard, E. (1987). Psychology in America: A historical survey. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Ivie, S. (2006). The legacy of William James. Journal of Thought, 41(4), 117-136.
James, W. (1886). Report of the Committee on Mediumistic Phenomena. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 102-106.
James, W. (1887a). Review of E. Gurney’s, F. W. H. Myers’s, and F. Podmore’s “Phantasms of the Living”. Science, 9, 18-20.
James, W. (1887b). Reaction-time in the hypnotic trance. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 246-248.
James, W. (1890). The hidden self. Scribner’s Magazine, 7, 361-273.
James, W. (1892). A plea for psychology as a ‘Natural Science’. Philosophical Review, 1(2), 146-153.
James, W. (1895). The knowing of things together. Psychological Review, 2(2), 105-124.
James, W. (1898). Consciousness under nitrous oxide. Philosophical Review, 5(2), 194-196.
James, W. (1901). Frederic Myers’s service to psychology. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research,17, 13-23.
James, W. (1903). Review of Human Immortality and Its Survival of Bodily Death by Frederic W. H. Myers. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research,18, 22-33.
James, W. (1906). La notion de conscience. Archives de Psychologie, 5, 1-12.
James, W. (1907). The energies of man. Philosophical Review, 16(1), 1-20.
James, W. (1909). The confidences of a “psychical researcher.” The American Magazine, 68, 580-589.
James, W. (1910). A suggestion about mysticism. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 7(4), 85-92.
James, W. (1912). Essays in radical empiricism. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
James, W. (1977). A pluralistic universe. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1909).
James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1890).
James, W. (1983). Talk to teachers on psychology. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1899).
James, W. (1985). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1902).
James, W. (1986). Essays in psychical research. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
James, W. & Carnochan, G. M. (1886). Report of the Committee on Hypnotism. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 95-102.
Kuklick, B. (2001). A history of philosophy in America. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ladd, G. (1892). Psychology as so-called “Natural Science”. Philosophical Review, 1(1), 24-53.
Lamberth, D. (1999). William James and the metaphysics of experience. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lawson, R. B.; Graham, J. E. & Baker, K. M. (2007). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas, and applications (p.184-189). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
Levinson, H. S. (1981). The religious investigations of William James. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Lundin, R. W. (1972). Theories and systems of psychology (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Health and Company.
Mandler, G. (2007). A history of modern experimental psychology. From James and Wundt to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
McDermott, R. A. (1986). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James: Essays in psychical research (p. xiii-xxxvi). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Murphy, G. (1973). Introduction. In G. Murphy & R. Ballou (Eds.), William James on psychical research (2nd ed., pp. 3-23). Clifton, NJ: Augustus Kelley Publishers.
Myers, G. (1983). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: Talk to teachers on psychology (p. xi-xxvii). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Perry, R. B. (1935). The thought and character of William James (2 vols.). Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company.
Pickren, W. & Rutherford, A. (2010). A history of modern psychology in context. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2011). A history of modern psychology (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Sech Jr., A.; Araujo, S. F.; Moreira-Almeida, A. (2013). William James and psychical research: Towards a radical science of mind. History of Psychiatry, 24(1), 62-78.
Shamdasani, S. (2002). Psychologies as ontology-making practices. William James and the pluralities of psychological experience. In J. Carrette (Ed.), William James and the Varieties of Religious Experience: A centenary celebration (pp. 27-44). New York: Routledge.
Skrupskelis, I. K. & Berkeley, E. M. (1992-2004). The correspondence of William James (12 Vols.). Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.
Skrupskelis, I. K. & Berkeley, E. M. (1999). The correspondence of William James (Volume 7). Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia.
Smith, J. E. (1985). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature (pp. xi-li). London: Harvard University Press.
Stanlick, N. (2013). American philosophy: The basics. London: Routledge.
Taylor, E. (1984a). William James on exceptional mental states – The 1896 Lowell lectures. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
Taylor, E. (1984b). Historical introduction. In E. Taylor (Ed.), William James on exceptional mental states – The 1896 Lowell lectures (pp. 1-14). Amherst, MA: The University of Massachusetts Press.
Taylor, E. (1996). William James on consciousness beyond the margin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Taylor, E. (2005). Metaphysics and consciousness in James’s Varieties: A centenary lecture. In J. Carrette (Ed.), William James and the Varieties of Religious Experience: A centenary celebration (pp. 11-26). New York: Routledge.
Woodward, W. R. (1983). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: Essays in psychology (p. xi-xxxix). London: Harvard University Press.
Zhao, S. (2014). Self as an emic object: A re-reading of William James on Self. Theory and Psychology, 24 (2), 199-216.
Baldwin, B. T. (1911). William James’s contributions to education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2, 369-382.
Bernstein, R. (1977). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: A pluralistic universe (pp. xi-xxix). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Boring, E. (1950). A history of experimental psychology (2nd ed). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Burkhardt, F. H.; Bowers, F.; & Skrupskelis, I. K. (Eds.) (1975-1988). The works of William James (19 vols.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Callaway, H. G. (2008). Introduction. In H. G. Callaway (Ed.), A pluralistic universe by William James. A new philosophical reading (pp. xi-l). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Croce, P. (2012). The non-disciplinary James. William James Studies, 8, 1-33.
Fancher, R. E. & Rutherford, A. (2017). Pioneers of psychology (5th ed.). New York: Norton.
Ferreira, A. A. L. & Gutman, G. (2008). O funcionalismo em seus primórdios: A psicologia a serviço da adaptação. In A. M. Jacó-Vilela; A. A. L. Ferreira; & F. Portugal (Eds.), História da Psicologia: rumos e percursos (pp. 121-140). Rio de Janeiro: NAU editora.
Froh, J. J. (2004). The history of positive psychology. The NYS Psychologist, 16(3), 18-20.
Frutos, H. G. (2010). James y Freud: convergencias y divergencias alrededor del inconsciente. Revista de Historia de la Psicologia, 31(2-3), 75-88.
Goodwin, C. J. (2008). História da psicologia moderna. (3ª Ed.) (p. 189-199). São Paulo: Editora Cultrix.
Greenwood, J. (2009). A conceptual history of psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heft, H. (2001). Ecological psychology in context: James Gibson, Roger Barker, and the Legacy of William James’s radical empiricism. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Heidbreder, E. (1933). Seven psychologies. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Herrnstein, R. J. & Boring, E. G. (1966). A source book in the history of psychology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hilgard, E. (1987). Psychology in America: A historical survey. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Ivie, S. (2006). The legacy of William James. Journal of Thought, 41(4), 117-136.
James, W. (1886). Report of the Committee on Mediumistic Phenomena. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 102-106.
James, W. (1887a). Review of E. Gurney’s, F. W. H. Myers’s, and F. Podmore’s “Phantasms of the Living”. Science, 9, 18-20.
James, W. (1887b). Reaction-time in the hypnotic trance. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 246-248.
James, W. (1890). The hidden self. Scribner’s Magazine, 7, 361-273.
James, W. (1892). A plea for psychology as a ‘Natural Science’. Philosophical Review, 1(2), 146-153.
James, W. (1895). The knowing of things together. Psychological Review, 2(2), 105-124.
James, W. (1898). Consciousness under nitrous oxide. Philosophical Review, 5(2), 194-196.
James, W. (1901). Frederic Myers’s service to psychology. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research,17, 13-23.
James, W. (1903). Review of Human Immortality and Its Survival of Bodily Death by Frederic W. H. Myers. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research,18, 22-33.
James, W. (1906). La notion de conscience. Archives de Psychologie, 5, 1-12.
James, W. (1907). The energies of man. Philosophical Review, 16(1), 1-20.
James, W. (1909). The confidences of a “psychical researcher.” The American Magazine, 68, 580-589.
James, W. (1910). A suggestion about mysticism. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 7(4), 85-92.
James, W. (1912). Essays in radical empiricism. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
James, W. (1977). A pluralistic universe. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1909).
James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1890).
James, W. (1983). Talk to teachers on psychology. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1899).
James, W. (1985). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Trabalho original publicado em 1902).
James, W. (1986). Essays in psychical research. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
James, W. & Carnochan, G. M. (1886). Report of the Committee on Hypnotism. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 95-102.
Kuklick, B. (2001). A history of philosophy in America. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ladd, G. (1892). Psychology as so-called “Natural Science”. Philosophical Review, 1(1), 24-53.
Lamberth, D. (1999). William James and the metaphysics of experience. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lawson, R. B.; Graham, J. E. & Baker, K. M. (2007). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas, and applications (p.184-189). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
Levinson, H. S. (1981). The religious investigations of William James. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Lundin, R. W. (1972). Theories and systems of psychology (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Health and Company.
Mandler, G. (2007). A history of modern experimental psychology. From James and Wundt to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
McDermott, R. A. (1986). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The works of William James: Essays in psychical research (p. xiii-xxxvi). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Murphy, G. (1973). Introduction. In G. Murphy & R. Ballou (Eds.), William James on psychical research (2nd ed., pp. 3-23). Clifton, NJ: Augustus Kelley Publishers.
Myers, G. (1983). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: Talk to teachers on psychology (p. xi-xxvii). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Perry, R. B. (1935). The thought and character of William James (2 vols.). Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company.
Pickren, W. & Rutherford, A. (2010). A history of modern psychology in context. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2011). A history of modern psychology (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Sech Jr., A.; Araujo, S. F.; Moreira-Almeida, A. (2013). William James and psychical research: Towards a radical science of mind. History of Psychiatry, 24(1), 62-78.
Shamdasani, S. (2002). Psychologies as ontology-making practices. William James and the pluralities of psychological experience. In J. Carrette (Ed.), William James and the Varieties of Religious Experience: A centenary celebration (pp. 27-44). New York: Routledge.
Skrupskelis, I. K. & Berkeley, E. M. (1992-2004). The correspondence of William James (12 Vols.). Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.
Skrupskelis, I. K. & Berkeley, E. M. (1999). The correspondence of William James (Volume 7). Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia.
Smith, J. E. (1985). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature (pp. xi-li). London: Harvard University Press.
Stanlick, N. (2013). American philosophy: The basics. London: Routledge.
Taylor, E. (1984a). William James on exceptional mental states – The 1896 Lowell lectures. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.
Taylor, E. (1984b). Historical introduction. In E. Taylor (Ed.), William James on exceptional mental states – The 1896 Lowell lectures (pp. 1-14). Amherst, MA: The University of Massachusetts Press.
Taylor, E. (1996). William James on consciousness beyond the margin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Taylor, E. (2005). Metaphysics and consciousness in James’s Varieties: A centenary lecture. In J. Carrette (Ed.), William James and the Varieties of Religious Experience: A centenary celebration (pp. 11-26). New York: Routledge.
Woodward, W. R. (1983). Introduction. In F. Burkhardt; F. Bowers; & I. K. Skrupskelis (Eds.), The Works of William James: Essays in psychology (p. xi-xxxix). London: Harvard University Press.
Zhao, S. (2014). Self as an emic object: A re-reading of William James on Self. Theory and Psychology, 24 (2), 199-216.
