The Metaphors of Journalism: Implicit Identities for a Changing Profession
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1981-4070.2019.v13.27737Keywords:
jornalismo, metáforas, modelos profissionais, identidadeAbstract
As funções sociais do jornalismo como profissão mudam de acordo com quem constrói o seu significado. Quando a pesquisa acadêmica qualitativa analisa as notícias, o jornalismo é entendido como um produto textual. Quando um político acusa a imprensa de não refletir exatamente o que aconteceu, espera-se que o jornalismo seja um espelho da realidade social. Conteúdo, espelho, registro histórico, serviço público, cada um expressa diferentes maneiras de construir os papéis do jornalismo. São metáforas da linguagem cotidiana que mostram cristalizações lingüísticas que geralmente aparecem em diferentes idiomas. No entanto, muitas dessas metáforas não expressam as importantes mudanças pelas quais o jornalismo contemporâneo está passando. Este ensaio analisa metáforas universais associadas ao jornalismo e marcas de mídia bastante conhecidas e faz uma reflexão sobre se essas metáforas, que foram universalizadas em um período diferente, irão descrever os papéis do jornalismo no futuro.
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References
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MCCHESNEY, R. Aquello que fue ahora, y esto es entonces: Walter Lipmann y la crisis del periodismo. CIC Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, v. 18, p. 39–49, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ciyc.2013.v18.41713
MELLADO, C., & VAN DALEN, A. Changing Times, Changing Journalism. The International Journal of Press/Politics, v. 22, n.2, p. 244–263, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217693395
MORAGAS SPÁ, M. de. Interpretar la comunicación: Estudios sobre medios en América y Europa. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2011.
NEWMAN, N; FLETCHER, R; KALOGEROPOULOS, A; KLEIS NIELSEN, R. Digital News Report 2019. Oxford, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2619576
SHOEMAKER, P., REESE, S. Mediating the message. Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd.). New York: Longman, 1996. Disponível em: < http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Mediating+the+Message.+Theories+of+Influences+on+Mass+Media+Content#1>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2019.
TUCHMAN, G. Making News. A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: The Free Press, 1978.
TUMBER, H. Back to the Future? The Sociology of News and Journalism from Black and White to the Digital Age. In WAISBORD, S. (Ed.), Media sociology: A reappraisal. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014.
VERÓN, E. La semiosis social 2. Ideas, momentos e interpretantes. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 2013.
WAISBORD, S. Democracy, journalism, and Latin American populism. Journalism, v.14, n.4, p. 504–521, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884912464178
WAISBORD, S. Reinventing Professionalism (Kindle edition). Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013b.
WAISBORD, S. Vox populista. Medios, periodismo, democracia. Buenos Aires: Gedisa, 2013c.
WAISBORD, S. Truth is What Happens to News. Journalism Studies, p. 1–13, 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492881
WEAVER, D; WILLNAT, L. The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge, 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415885768/>. Acesso: 17 ago. 2019.
ZELIZER, B. What Journalism Could Be. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017.
AMADO, A; WAISBORD, S. Journalists and Media Ownership: Practices and Professional Conditions of Argentine Journalism. Brazilian Journalism Research, v. 14, n.2, p. 364–383, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v14n2.2018.1090
BARICCO, A. The Game. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2019.
BLUMLER, J. G; COLEMAN, S. Democracy and the media. Javnost - The Public, v.22, n.2, ,p. 111–128, 2015. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2015.1041226
BLUMLER, J. G; KAVANAGH, D. The Third Age of Political Communication: Influences and Features. Political Communication, v. 16, n. 3, p.209–230, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198596
BOCZKOWSKI, P. J; PAPACHARISSI, Z. (Eds.). Trump and the media. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2018.
CARLSON, M; LEWIS, S. Boundaries of Journalism: Professionalism, Practices and Participation. New York: Routledge, 2015.
DAMASIO, A. El extraño orden de las cosas: la vida, los sentimientos y la creación de las culturas. Madrid: Ediciones Destino, 2018
DEUZE, M. What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism, v.6, n. 4, p. 442–464, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884905056815
DEUZE, M. The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism and monitorial citizenship. International Journal of Communication, p. 848–865, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/31.5.687
DEUZE, M. What Journalism Is (Not). Social Media + Society, v. 5, n. 3, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119857202
GANS, H. Deciding What’s news. A Study of CBS Evenings news, NBC Nightly, Newsweek and Time. New York: Northwestern University Press, 1979.
HABERMAS, J. Historia y crítica de la opinión pública. 4. ed. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1990.
HANITZSCH, T. Professional Identity and Roles of Journalists. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, p. 1–26, 2019. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.95
HANITZSCH, T; HANUSCH, F; RAMAPRASAD, J; de BEER, A. S. (Eds.). Worlds of Journalism. Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. DOI https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/hani18642
HANITZSCH, T., & MELLADO, C. What Shapes the News around the World? How Journalists in Eighteen Countries Perceive Influences on Their Work. The International Journal of Press/Politics,v. 16, n.3, p. 404–426, 2011.
HANITZSCH, T., VOS, T. P. Journalistic Roles and the Struggle Over Institutional Identity: The Discursive Constitution of Journalism. Communication Theory, v.27, n. 2, p. 115–135, 2017. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12112
HANUSCH, F., & HANITZSCH, T. Comparing Journalistic Cultures Across Nations. Journalism Studies, v. 18, n. 5, p. 525–535, 2017. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1280229
HERMOSO, B. Jürgen Habermas: “¡Por Dios, nada de gobernantes filósofos!” Diario El País. 2018. Disponível em: < https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/04/25/eps/1524679056_056165.html>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2018.
KLEIS NIElsen, R., & SELVA, M. More Important, But Less Robust? Five Things Everybody Needs to Know about the Future of Journalism. Oxford, 2018.
LAKOFF, G., & Johnson, M. Metáforas de la vida cotidiana. Madrid: Cátedra, 1998
LASSWELL, H. Estructura y función de la comunicación en la sociedad. In: MORAGAS SPÁ, M. de. (Ed.), Sociología de la comunicación de masas Barcelona: Gili, p. 50–68, 1948.
LIPPMANN, W. El público fantasma. (Trad. César García Muñoz, ed.) (2011th ed.). Ediciones Genueve, 1925
MANCINI, P. What scholars can learn from the crisis of journalism. International Journal of Communication, v. 7, p. 127–136, 2013. Disponível em: <http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:What+Scholars+Can+Learn+from+the+Crisis+of+Journalism#0>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2018.
MCCHESNEY, R. Aquello que fue ahora, y esto es entonces: Walter Lipmann y la crisis del periodismo. CIC Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, v. 18, p. 39–49, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ciyc.2013.v18.41713
MELLADO, C., & VAN DALEN, A. Changing Times, Changing Journalism. The International Journal of Press/Politics, v. 22, n.2, p. 244–263, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217693395
MORAGAS SPÁ, M. de. Interpretar la comunicación: Estudios sobre medios en América y Europa. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2011.
NEWMAN, N; FLETCHER, R; KALOGEROPOULOS, A; KLEIS NIELSEN, R. Digital News Report 2019. Oxford, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2619576
SHOEMAKER, P., REESE, S. Mediating the message. Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd.). New York: Longman, 1996. Disponível em: < http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Mediating+the+Message.+Theories+of+Influences+on+Mass+Media+Content#1>. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2019.
TUCHMAN, G. Making News. A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: The Free Press, 1978.
TUMBER, H. Back to the Future? The Sociology of News and Journalism from Black and White to the Digital Age. In WAISBORD, S. (Ed.), Media sociology: A reappraisal. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014.
VERÓN, E. La semiosis social 2. Ideas, momentos e interpretantes. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 2013.
WAISBORD, S. Democracy, journalism, and Latin American populism. Journalism, v.14, n.4, p. 504–521, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884912464178
WAISBORD, S. Reinventing Professionalism (Kindle edition). Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013b.
WAISBORD, S. Vox populista. Medios, periodismo, democracia. Buenos Aires: Gedisa, 2013c.
WAISBORD, S. Truth is What Happens to News. Journalism Studies, p. 1–13, 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492881
WEAVER, D; WILLNAT, L. The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge, 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415885768/>. Acesso: 17 ago. 2019.
ZELIZER, B. What Journalism Could Be. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017.
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Published
2019-08-30
How to Cite
AMADO , A. . The Metaphors of Journalism: Implicit Identities for a Changing Profession. Lumina, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 11–23, 2019. DOI: 10.34019/1981-4070.2019.v13.27737. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/lumina/article/view/27737. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.
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Dossiê: Pesquisa em Jornalismo e Mídia nas Américas
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