Poésie Grande Guerre: How Digital History Challenged Canons during the First World War Centenary
Published 2024-08-26
Keywords
- Poetry,
- History,
- First World War,
- Literature,
- Database
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Thomaz
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Faced with the exclusion of French poetry of the First World War from literary periodisation, from historiography and from collective memory, the Poésie Grande Guerre Project took advantage of the scientific effervescence of the centenary years (2014-2018) to publish na online database relating poets, literary productions and war experiences. Rejecting the idea of establishing a canon analogous to the English one, the database takes inspiration from big data and corpus lingustic approaches, offering an overview of First World War poetry as a social category pointing towards a diffuse cultural practice. By examining Poésie Grande Guerre from its creation, and especially the engagement the project produces on social media, the present article is divided into three parts. The first one, dedicated to historiography, demonstrates how poetry was excluded from the two initial historiographical configuration of French studies of the Great War and how, despite being more accepted in the latest configuration, the digital element brought about by the centenary was the real catalyst for this corpus’s study. The second part, more theoretical, examines how digital initiatives are part of a broader movement that questions not only individual canons but also the very processes of canonisation. Finally, the third part, of a practical nature, demonstrates how processes of data model construction and public engagement on social media were, more than a technique at the service of producing external knowledge, fundamental to the understanding of French poetry of the First World War. Thus, this study argues that digital tools defy literary canons and therefore move French historiography of the First World War towards a truly public and interdisciplinary historic poetics.
Downloads
References
- Æschimann, Paul. 1925. “La Poésie”. Em Vingt-Cinq Ans de Littérature Française : Tableau de La Vie Littéraire de 1897 à 1920. Tome 1 : La Poésie, La Philosophie, Le Théâtre, Les Essayistes, La Critique Des Journaux et Des Revues, Le Roman, l’évolution de La Langue et Du Style, Bibliographies de La Poésie, Du Théâtre et Du Roman, Eugène Montfort, 1–68. Paris: Librairie de France.
- Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane. 1986. 14 - 18, Les Combattants Des Tranchées : À Travers Leurs Journaux. Paris: Armand Colin.
- Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane. 2001. Cinq deuils de guerre, 1914-1918. Paris: Noesis.
- Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane, e Annette Becker. 2000. 14 - 18. Retrouver La Guerre. Paris: Gallimard.
- Beaupré, Nicolas. 2006. Écrits de Guerre. Paris: CNRS Éditions.
- Beaupré, Nicolas. 2013. “La guerre comme expérience du temps et le temps comme expérience de guerre, Hypothèses pour une histoire du rapport au temps des soldats français de la Grande Guerre”. Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire, no. 117 (Janeiro): 166–81. https://doi.org/10.3917/vin.117.0166.
- Beaupré, Nicolas. 2021. “Poésie Du Temps de Guerre”. In La Grande Guerre Dans Tous Les Sens, por Centre International de Recherche de l’Historial de la Grande Guerre, 67–91. Paris: Odile Jacob.
- Becker, Annette. 2009. Apollinaire. Une Biographie de Guerre. 1914 - 1918 - 2009. Paris: Éditions Tallandier.
- Blake, Julie Vanessa. 2020. ‘What Did the National Curriculum Do for Poetry? Pattern, Prescription and Contestation in the Poetry Selected for GCSE English Literature 1988-2018.’ University of Cambridge.
- Bruns, Axel. 2008. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond : From Production to Produsage. New York: P. Lang.
- Campa, Laurence. 2010. Poètes de La Grande Guerre. Expérience Combattante et Activité Poétique. Paris: Éditions Classiques Garnier.
- Carel, Marion, and Dinah Ribard. 2016. “Témoigner en poésie”. Poétique, no. 179 (Julho): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.3917/poeti.179.0039.
- Clavert, Frédéric. 2016. “Échos du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale sur Twitter”. Matériaux pour histoire de notre temps N° 121-122 (3): 18–25.
- Collonges, Julien, and Tatiana Victoroff, eds. 2019. La Lyre et les Armes Poètes en guerre : Péguy, Stadler, Owen, etc. General and comparative literature, n° 30 in Rencontres 401. Paris: Classiques Garnier. https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-08307-8.
- Cru, Jean Norton. 1993. Témoins : Essai d’analyse et de Critique Des Souvenirs de Combattants Édités En Français de 1915 à 1928. Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy.
- Ducasse, André, Jacques Meyer, e Gabriel Perreux. 1959. Vie et mort des français, 1914-1918 ; simple histoire de la grande guerre. Paris: Hachette.
- Einhaus, Ann-Marie. 2011. “Modernism, Truth, and the Canon of First World War Literature.” Modernist Cultures 6 (2): 296–314.
- Graham, Shawn. 2013. ‘The Wikiblitz: A Wikipedia Editing Assignment in a First Year Undergraduate Class’. In Writing History in the Digital Age, editado por Jack Dougherty and Kristen Nawrotzki. https://writinghistory.trincoll.edu/.
- Heidegger, Martin. 1977. ‘The Question Concerning Technology’. In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Translated and with an Introduction by William Lovitt, 3–35. New York & London: Garland Publishing.
- Higgins, Ian. 1996. Anthology of First World War French Poetry. Glasgow: University of Glasgow French and German publications.
- Jenny, Laurent. 1990. La Parole Singulière. Paris: Belin.
- Julien, Élise. 2004. “À propos de l’historiographie française de la première guerre mondiale”. Labyrinthe, no. 18 (Julho): 53–68. https://doi.org/10.4000/labyrinthe.217.
- Lucchesi, Anita. 2013. “História e Historiografia Digital. Diálogos Possíveis”. Apresentação feita no XXVII Simpósio Nacional de História (ANPUH). Disponível em https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/31138/1/Lucchesi%20-%202013%20-%20Histo%CC%81ria%20e%20historiografia%20digital%20dia%CC%81logos%20possi%CC%81v.pdf.
- Lucchesi, Anita. 2014. “Conversas na antessala da academia: o presente, a oralidade e a história pública digital”. História Oral 17 (1): 39–69.
- Moretti, Franco. 2005. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. Londres/Nova York: Verso Books.
- Moretti, Franco. 2013. Distant Reading. Londres/Nova York: Verso Books.
- Mosse, George L. 1999. De La Grande Guerre Au Totalitarisme. La Brutalisation Des Sociétés Européennes. Paris: Hachette Littératures.
- Parenteau, Olivier. 2014. Quatre poètes dans la Grande Guerre : Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean Cocteau, Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, Paul Éluard. Situations. Liège: Presses Universitaires de Liège.
- Poésie Grande Guerre, 2019, “Poésie Grande Guerre”. https://pgg.parisnanterre.fr/
- Pollock, Griselda. 2013. Differencing the Canon: Feminism and the Writing of Art’s Histories. Routledge.
- Prost, Antoine, e Jay Winter. 2004. Penser La Grande Guerre. Un Essai Historiographique. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
- Rosenzweig, Roy e Steve Brier. 1994. ‘Historians and Hypertext: Is It More than Hype?’ Perspectives on History | AHA, no. Março 1994. https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/march-1994/historians-and-hypertext-is-it-more-than-hype.
- Trevisan, Carine. 2001. Les Fables Du Deuil. La Grande Guerre : Mort et Écriture. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- University of Oxford, 2009, “The First World War Poetry Digital Archive”. http://ww1lit.nsms.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/collections.
- Winter, Jay. 2017. War beyond Words: Languages of Remembrance from the Great War to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.