Published 2021-09-10
Keywords
- Christian Right,
- Populist Right,
- Islam
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2021 Gabriel Guimarães
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The feeling of rejection of Islam has become something taken for granted, with the emergence of the new populist right in various countries and regions of the planet. Especially after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Islam gained a leading role within what this right proposes to combat. However, the reasons for anti-Islamic sentiment become blurred, if we think that before 9/11, various sectors of the right in Europe and the USA already framed non-European immigrants, or from countries of the so-called third world, as a major problem. When anti-Islamic sentiment appears in right-wing speeches in countries that do not face the issue of immigration so strongly, as in Brazil, this issue becomes even more problematic, making it necessary to investigate the issue in more detail. In this article, we analyze the approach of Islam in thought Olavo de Carvalho, an influential opinion-maker of the current Brazilian right. We seek to understand how his ideas, actually converge with the theoretical and ideological building of the Northern Hemisphere’s Right. We conclude that, rather than an equivalent of the nowadays Euro-American identitarian right, Olavo de Carvalho's proposals fall more closely into the North American Christian Right, which had its period of greatest activation in the 1990s. Olavist right discourses recover a kind of North American right from the cold war, however, incorporating the theme of Islam, having points of contact of the current North American and European right, but not being interchangeable with it.
Downloads
References
- Bar-On, Tamir. “Transnationalism and the French Nouvelle Droite”. Patterns of Prejudice, 45, 3(2011): 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2011.585013
- Bendina, Mary, John C. Green, Mark J. Rozell, and Clyde Wilcox. Catholics and the Christian Right: A View from 4 States”. Journal for the Science Study of religion, 39, 3 (2002): 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/0021-8294.00027
- Caiani, Manuela. 2017. “Radical right-wing movements: Who, when, how and why?”. Sociopedi.Isa. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323951576_Radical_right-wing_movements_Who_when_how_and_why. https://doi.org/10.1177/205684601761
- Carvalho, Olavo de. 2011. Why I am not a fan of Charles Darwin. Voegelin View. https://voegelinview.com/why-i-am-not-a-fan-of-charles-darwin
- Carvalho, Olavo de. 2012. Globalist revolutionaries. Voegelin View. https://voegelinview.com/globalist-revolutionaries
- Carvalho, Olavo de. 2019. Olavo de Carvalho – Notas nas redes sociais reunidas. https://olavodecarvalhofb.wordpress.com
- Carvalho, Olavo de. Maquiavel ou a confusão demoníaca. Campinas: Vide Editorial, 2016.
- Castelli Gattinara, Pietro and Andrea L.P. Pirró. “The far right as a social movement”. European Societies, 21, 4 (2019): 447-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1494301
- Conger, K. H. “The Christian Right in US politics”. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2019. https://oxfordre.com/politics/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-810. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.810
- De Benoîst, Alain. On being a pagan. Atlanta, Georgia: Ultra, 2004.
- De La Torre, Carlos and Oscar Mazzoleni. “Do We Need a Minimum Definition of Populism? An Appraisal of Mudde’s Conceptualization”. Research Gate, pre-print, 2019. https://www.google.com/search?q=somersby&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPT952PT952&oq=summerb&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i10i433j0i512j0i10l2j46i10i175i199i512j0i10l2j0i10i512j0i512.7865j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
- Dowland, Seth. Church History. “’Family Values’ and Formation of the Christian Right Agenda”, 78, 3(2009): 606-631. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009640709990448
- Dugin, Alexander. La cuarta teoria política. Barcelona, España: Ediciones Nueva Republica, 2013.
- Dugin, Alexander e Olavo de Carvalho. Os EUA e a Nova Ordem Mundial: um debate entre Alexander Dugim e Olavo de Carvalho. Campinas: Vide Editorial, 2012.
- Eatwell, Roger and Goodwin, Mathew. National-Populism. The revolt against liberal democracy. London: Pelican Books. 2018.
- Froio, Caterina and Bharat Ghanesh. “The transnationalisation of far-right discourse on Twitter: Issues and actors that cross borders in Western European democracies”. European Societies, 21, 4 (2018): 513-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1494295
- Ignazi, Piero. The re-emergence of extreme right-wing parties in Europe. (Reihe Politikwissenschaft / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Politikwissenschaft, 21). Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien, 1995. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/26715
- Katsifiacas, G. The imagination of the New Left. A global analysis of 1968. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South End Press, 1987.
- Kaufmann, Eric and Gareth Harris. Changing places: mapping the white British response to ethnic change. London: Demos. 2014.
- Ketchaver, Karen. “Father Charles E. Coughlin: the radio Priest of the 1930’s”. Theological librarianship, 2, 2(2009): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.31046/tl.v2i2.112
- Kitschelt, Herbert. The Logics of Party Formation: Ecological Politics in Belgium and West Germany. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1989. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501745959
- Kitschelt, Herbert. The radical right in Western Europe. A comparative analysis. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.14501
- Larson, Carin, David Madland and Clyde Wilcox. “Religious Lobbying in Virginia: How Institutions Can Quiet Prophetic Voices”. In Representing God in the Statehouse: Religion and Politics in the American States, E. Cleary and A. Hertzke (orgs), 55-72. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. 55-72
- Laruelle, Marlene. “Aleksander Dugin: A Russian Version of the European Radical Right?”. Kennan Institute Occasional Papers, 294(2006). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344223913_Aleksandr_Dugin_A_Russian_Version_of_the_European_Radical_Right_Kennan_Institute_Occasional_Papers_No_294
- Lindholm, C. and J.P. Zúquete. The Struggle for the world. Liberation movements for the 21th Century. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804774222
- Lugg, Catherine A. “The Christian Right: a cultivated collection of interest groups”. Educational Policy, 15, 1(2001): 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904801015001003
- Mathyl, Markus. “The national-bolshevik party and Arctogaia: two neo-fascist groupuscules in the post-soviet political space”. Patterns of Prejudice, 36, 3(2002): 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/003132202128811493
- Michael, George. The enemy of my enemy. The alarming convergence of Militant Islam and the Extreme Right. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2006.
- Mudde, Cas and Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser. “Voices of the peoples: Populisms in Europe and Latin America compared”. Kellog Institute for International Studies, working paper 378, 2011. https://kellogg.nd.edu/documents/1695
- Mudde, Cas. The far-right today. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. 2019.
- Mudde, Cas. The ideology of the extreme right. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2000.
- Nagle, Angela. Kill all normies: online culture wars from 4chan and tumblr to Trump and the alt-right. United Kingdom: Zero Books. 2017.
- Paxton, Robert O. A anatomia do fascismo. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra. 2007.
- Rauchfleish, Adrian and Kaiser, Jonas. “The German Far-right on Youtube: An Analysis of User Overlap and User Comment”. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64, 3(2020): 373-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1799690
- Roberts, Kenneth and Ostiguy, Pierre. The Brown Journal of World Affairs. “Putting Trump in Comparative Perspective: Populism and the Politicization of the Sociocultural Low”, 33, 2016. https://bjwa.brown.edu/23-1/putting-trump-in-comparative-perspective-populism-and-the-politicization-of-the-sociocultural-low
- Rushbrook, Jonathan. Against Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin’s Neo-Eurasianist Phylosophy. MA Thesis, Morgantown, West Virginia University, 2015.
- Sedgwick, Mark. 2019a. Limited Guénonian influence in incoming Brazilian government. Traditionalists: a blog for the study of traditionalism and traditionalists. https://traditionalistblog.blogspot.com/2018/12/limited-guenonian-influence-in-incoming.html.
- Sedgwick, Mark. 2019c.The worrying ideology that helps Trump’s new friendship with Brazil. Oupblog. Oxford University Press’s academic insights for the thinking world. https://blog.oup.com/2019/05/worrying-ideology-that-helps-trumps-new-friendship-brazil/
- Sedgwick, Mark. Against the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195152972.001.0001
- Sedgwick, Mark. Key thinkers of the radical right: behind the new threat to liberal democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019b. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877583.001.0001
- Simpson, Patricia Anne. “Mobilizing Meanings: Translocal Identities of the Far-Right Web”. German Politics and Society, 34, 4(2016): 34-53. https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2016.340403
- Smith, Anthony D. The ethnic origins of nations. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell .1986.
- Taguieff, Pierre-André. “Taguieff décortique les théories du complot”. L’Express, 12/05/2018. https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/taguieff-les-complots-repondent-a-un-besoin-d-ordre_2007876.html
- Teitelbaum, Benjamin R. War for eternity: inside Bannon’s far-right circle of global power brokers. New York: Harper Collins. 2020.
- Tönnies, Ferdinand. Community and Society. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. 2011.
- Umland, Andreas and Anton Shevkhovtsov. “Is Alexander Dugin a Traditionalist? “Neo-Eurasianism and Perennial Philosophy”. The Russian Review. 68, 4 (2009): 662-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9434.2009.00544.x
- Umland, Andreas. “New extremely right-wing intelectual circles in Russia. The Anti-Orange Committee, the Isborsk Club and the Florian Geyer Club”. Russian Analytical Digest. 135(2013): 2-6. https://doi.org/10.31205/RA.256.01
- Wacker, Grant. 2000.“The Christian Right”, National Humanities Center Online. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/chr_rght.htm
- Wilcox, Clyde, Mark J. Rozell and Roland Gunn. “Religious coalitions in the New Christian Right”. Social Science Quarterly, 7, 3(1996): 543-558.
- Winter, Aaron. “Anti-abortion extremism and violence in the United States”. In: Extremism in America, George Michael (otg). Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2013: 218-248. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813044972.003.0009
- Zúquete, José Pedro. “Para além do populismo: a defesa da identidade branca na Europa ocidental”. In Populismo: teorias e casos, António Costa Pinto e Fábio Gentile (org), 57-75. Fortaleza, Ceará: Edmeta Editora, 2020.
- Zúquete, José Pedro. The Identitarians: the movement against Globalism and Islam in Europe. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 2018. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj775n