Proteômica: uma introdução aos métodos e aplicações
Keywords:
Proteômica, Espectrometria de Massas, Peptídeos, Proteínas, BiomarcadoresAbstract
As proteínas desempenham a maior parte das funções fisiológicas das células, constituindo também importantes alvos farmacológicos e biomarcadores de doenças. A pesquisa qualitativa, quantitativa e a elucidação estrutural destas moléculas são fundamentais para a compreensão do funcionamento dos sistemas biológicos, bem como na aplicação destas para o desenvolvimento de novos métodos diagnóstico. O estudo do proteoma nos permite identificar as proteínas que estão sendo expressas em um determinado momento, quantificá-las e observar suas modificações pós-transducionais. Dessa maneira, a análise proteômica fornece informações mais abrangentes e que não podem ser inferidas a partir das informações obtidas através da análise genômica. Este tipo de estudo envolve etapas como: extração e tratamento da amostra, separação das proteínas e/ou peptídeos, espectrometria de massas e análise dos dados usando ferramentas de bioinformática. O presente trabalho faz uma revisão narrativa sobre as principais técnicas aplicadas desde o preparo de amostras até a identificação das proteínas.
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