Geospatial distribution and risk factors of COVID-19 in a low-density municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2024.v50.45200Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Mapeamento Geográfico, Fatores de Risco, Densidade Populacional, Cidades, epidemiologiaResumo
Introduction: The human population has faced several pandemics throughout history, with the most recent being COVID-19. Studies on COVID-19 in Brazil, in general, have primarily focused on the country as a whole or on large urban centers. However, prevention measures should also consider smaller municipalities, as the disease has significantly affected these areas as well. Objective: To evaluate the geospatial distribution and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of a low-population-density municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study collected data from COVID-19 notification forms recorded by the Municipal Health Surveillance in Santos Dumont, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from March 2020 to July 2021. Variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections were evaluated using explanatory univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The occurrence of possible spatial clusters among the reported COVID-19 cases in the municipality was assessed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Spatial Scan analyses. The main variables explored as explanatory for SARS-CoV-2 infections were race/ethnicity, gender, and health-related occupations. Results: Out of 8,271 individuals with suspected COVID-19 in Santos Dumont, 55% (4,595) declared themselves as residents of the municipality. Among these, 4,093 had complete records for spatial analysis, with 1,274 (31%) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. The choropleth map revealed that infections were concentrated in the central region of the municipality. Univariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences in infection rates based on gender or race/color. However, multivariate analysis indicated that non-health professionals had a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 2.042; 95% CI 1.41-2.94). Conclusion: The central, denser area of the municipality was more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Additionally, non-health professionals faced higher risks of infection. These findings can serve as tools for the development of public health policies to control future pandemics.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Eduardo David Soares da Silva; Luzivalda Duarte Couto; Odinéia Amorim, Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli, Igor Rosa Meurer, Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha Watanabe, Márcio Roberto Silva, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães Guimarães, Elaine Soares Coimbra
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