Fotoestabilidade de protetores solares comerciais expostos a radiação solar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2020.v46.28819Palavras-chave:
Protetores Solares, Filtros Ultravioleta, Estabilidade de Cosméticos, FotodegradaçãoResumo
Introdução: O uso de protetores solares é recomendado para reduzir os danos na pele e na prevenção do câncer de pele. No entanto, tem sido demonstrado que os filtros solares podem sofrer processos de fotodegradação induzidos pela radiação ultravioleta (UV), podendo levar a redução da capacidade fotoprotetora, geração de radicais livres e produtos intermediários tóxicos que podem reagir com as estruturas da pele causando danos biológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a fotoestabilidade de quatro formulações fotoprotetoras com fator de proteção solar (FPS) 30 adicionados de diferentes filtros UV químicos e físicos. Material e Métodos: Cada produto foi exposto a radiação solar entre 10h e 15h (Índice UV: 6.0). As áreas sobre as curvas (ASC) dos espectros de absorção das formulações antes e após a exposição à radiação foram utilizados para calcular a relação entre a ASC antes e após a radiação solar. Resultados: Somente duas formulações, que apresentaram o índice de área sobre a curva (IASC) maior que 0.8, foram consideradas fotoestáveis. Os resultados mostraram que apesar das formulações possuírem o mesmo FPS 30, apresentaram diferentes espectros de absorção nas regiões do UVA1, UVA2 e UVB e que a fotoestabilidade das formulações testadas variou consideravelmente. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de formulações fotoestáveis é uma etapa crítica uma vez que os produtos de degradação dos filtros UV podem agir como foto-oxidantes. Além disso, o aumento da exposição à radiação UV devido a redução da capacidade fotoprotetora de formulações instáveis aumenta o risco de queimaduras e câncer de pele.
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