Relationship between forgetfulness and functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly people

Abstract

Introduction: The aging process is associated with a decline in physical, cognitive, and behavioral abilities, which may compromise functional capacity. In this context, forgetfulness stands out as a relevant factor with a potential impact on the autonomy of older adults. Objective: Examine the relationship between forgetfulness and functional capacity in community-dwelling older adults. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in 2024 and linked to an institutional research project. Individuals aged 60 years or older, of both sexes, were included. Data collection was carried out at participants’ homes using the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The sample consisted of 805 older adults. Functional disability was associated with older age, not having a partner, low educational level, presence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, occurrence of falls, and difficulty walking (all with p<0.001). A higher prevalence of functional disability was observed among those with forgetfulness reported by family members (189%), with recent worsening (160%), and especially when forgetfulness interfered with daily activities (456%). The findings indicate a progressive association between memory impairment and functional decline, affecting both basic and instrumental activities. Conclusion: The findings suggest that forgetfulness is an important marker of functional vulnerability, especially when it interferes with daily life, highlighting the need for early identification and interventions aimed at maintaining autonomy.