Main factors related to frailty in older adults in the context of primary health care: an integrative review

Abstract

Objective: To review the literature on the main factors associated with frailty in older adults cared for in Primary Health Care. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, with searches performed in the SciELO, BVS, and CAPES Journal Portal databases. A total of 11 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were included, in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, and classified with a Qualis/CAPES rating of B1 or higher. Results and Discussion: The analysis showed that advanced age, female sex, negative self-rated health, presence of multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, and reduced physical capacity or activity are the main factors associated with frailty in older adults. Conclusion: The findings provide relevant theoretical support for understanding the frailty syndrome, contributing to the foundation of clinical practices and care strategies in Primary Health Care, in addition to guiding public policies aimed at promoting healthy aging.