Participant observation in research on multiprofessional care in Primary Health Care

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature regarding the use of participant observation in research on multiprofessional healthcare. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted using the LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO databases in July 2024. The guiding research question was: What are the main findings in the scientific literature from studies that used the participant observation method in multiprofessional care in Primary Health Care? Inclusion criteria were original articles published between 2014 and 2024, available in full text, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Editorials and literature reviews were excluded. Results: A total of 109 publications were identified, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The study settings included Primary Health Care Units and Street Clinics. Most studies were conducted with Family Health Strategy teams, and all were classified as Level VI evidence. Conclusion: Participant observation enabled the investigation of diverse contexts within multiprofessional care in Primary Health Care, highlighting the importance of professional collaboration, team coordination, and participation in intersectoral activities to achieve comprehensive care. The use of this approach enhances the understanding of complex phenomena and fosters a relationship of trust between the researcher and participants.