O fim do virtual: os métodos digitais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1981-4070.2016.v10.21353Palavras-chave:
métodos digitais, pesquisa em internet, digitalizaçãoResumo
Publicado originalmente como capítulo 1 do livro Digital Methods (MIT Press, 2013). Tradução de Carlos d’Andréa (docente pelo PPGCOM/UFMG) e Tiago Barcelos P. Salgado (doutorando pelo PPGCOM/UFMG e bolsista CAPES/PROEX UFMG). Ambos são pesquisadores pelo NucCon, grupo de pesquisa vinculado ao CCNM/UFMG.Downloads
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Referências
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BEAULIEU, Anne. Sociable Hyperlinks: An Ethnographic Approach to Connectivity. In: HINE, Christine (Ed.). Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet. Oxford: Berg, 2005. p. 183 a 197.
BENEDIKT, Michael. Cyberspace: Some Proposals. In: BENEDIKT, Michael (Ed.). Cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991. p. 119-224.
BOLTER, Jay D., GRUSIN, Richard. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
BOYD, Danah; ELLISON, Nicole. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2007, v. 13 - n. 1.
BOYLE, James. Foucault in Cyberspace. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 1997, v. 66 - p. 177 a 205.
BRUNS, Axel. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture — The Rise of the Network Society. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of Influenza Surveillance in the United State. Atlanta, GA, 2011. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 18 out. 2012.
CONTRACTOR, Noshir. Digital Traces: An Exploratorium for Understanding and Enabling Social Networks. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2009.
CHESNEY, Thomas. An Empirical Examination of Wikipedia’s Credibility. First Monday, 2006, v. 11 - n. 11.
CHUN, Wendy. Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.
DEIBERT, Ronald J. et al. (Eds.). Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
DIBBELL, Julian. My Tiny Life: Crime and Passion in a Virtual World. New York: Henry Holt, 1998.
DOHMEN, Joep. Opkomst en ondergang van extreemrechtse sites. NRC Handelsblad, 25 ago. 2007.
DUNNE, Anthony. Hertzian Tales: Electronic Products, Aesthetic Experience, and Critical Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
ELMER, Greg. Hypertext on the Web: The Beginnings and Ends of Web Pathology. Space and Culture, v. 10, 2001, p. 1 a 14.
FOOT, Kirsten; SCHNEIDER, Steven. Online Action in Campaign 2000: An Exploratory Analysis of the U.S. Political web Sphere. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2002, v. 46 - n. 2 - p. 222 a 244.
FOOT, Kirsten; SCHNEIDER, Steven. Web Campaigning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.
FULLER, Matthew. Behind the Blip: Essays on the Culture of Software. Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 2003.
GALLOWAY, Alexander. Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
GILES, Jim. Internet Encyclopedias Go Head to Head. Nature, 2005, v. 438 - n. 7070 - p. 900 a 1000.
GOLDSMITH, Jack, WU, Tim. Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World. New York: Oxford, 2006.
HAYLES, N. K. Print Is Flat, Code Is Deep: The Importance of Media-Specific Analysis. Poetics Today, 2004, v. 25 - n.1 - p. 67 a 90.
HINE, Christine. Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage, 2000.
INTRONA, Lucas; NISSENBAUM, Helen. Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters. Information Society, 2000, v. 16 - n. 3- p. 1 a 17.
JEANNENEY, Jean-Noel. Google and the Myth of Universal Knowledge: A View from Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
JENSEN, Jens F. “Interactivity ”: Tracking a New Concept in Media and Communication Studies. Nordicom Review, 1998, v. 19 - n.1 - p. 185 a 204.
JENKINS, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press, 2006.
JONES, Steve. Studying the Net: Intricacies and Issues. In: JONES, Steve (Ed.). Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net. London: Sage, 1999. p. 1 a 28.
KEEN, Andrew. The Cult of the Amateur: How Today’s Internet Is Killing Our Culture. London: Nicholas Brealey, 2007.
KREBS, Valdis. Mapping Networks of Terrorist Cells. Connections, 2002, v. 24 - n. 3 - p. 43 a 52.
KRUG, Steve. Don’t Make Me Think! A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability. Indianapolis: New Riders, 2000.
LANDOW, George. Hyper/Text/Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
LAZER, David et al. Computational Social Science. Science, 2009, v. 323 - n. 5915 -
p. 721 a 723.
LYNCH, Michael. A Sociology of Knowledge Machine. Ethnographic Studies, 1997, n. 2, p. 16 a 38.
MCLUHAN, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw Hill, 1964.
MAGNUS, P. D. Early Response to False Claims in Wikipedia. First Monday, 2008, v. 13 -
n. 9.
MANOVICH, Lev. Cultural Analytics. Unpublished ms., 2007. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 28 jan. 2009.
MANOVICH, Lev. Software Takes Command. Unpublished ms., 2008. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 10 abr. 2009.
MARRES, Noortje; ROGERS, Richard. Depluralising the Web, Repluralising Public Debate: The GM Food Debate on the Web. In: ROGERS, Richard (Ed.). Preferred Placement. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Editions, 2000. p. 113 a 135.
MARRES, Noortje; ROGERS, Richard. Subsuming the Ground: How Local Realities of the Ferghana Valley, Narmada Dams and BTC Pipeline Are Put to Use on the Web. Economy and Society, 2008, v. 37 - n. 2 - p. 251 a 281.
MARVIN, Carolyn. Peaceable Kingdoms and New Information Technologies: Prospects for the Nation-State. In: STURKEN, Marita; THOMAS, Douglas; BALL-ROKEACH, Sandra J. (Eds.). Technological Visions: The Hopes and Fears That Shape New Technologies. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004. p. 240 a 254.
MILLER, Daniel; SLATER, Don. The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
MILLS, C. W. The Sociological Imagination. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971.
NIEDERER, Sabine; VAN DIJCK, José. Wisdom of the Crowd or Technicity of Content? Wikipedia as Socio-technical System. New Media and Society, 2010, v. 12 - n. 8 - p. 1368 a 1387.
PARK, Han W.; THELWALL, Mike. Hyperlink Analyses of the World Wide Web: A Review. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, jul. 2003, v. 8 - n. 4.
READ, Brock. Can Wikipedia Ever Make the Grade? Chronicle of Higher Education, 2006, v. 53 - n. 10.
RHEINGOLD, Howard. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
RHEINGOLD, Howard. Virtual Reality: Exploring the Brave New Technologies. New York: Summit, 1991.
ROGERS, Richard. Information Politics on the Web. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
ROGERS, Richard. Operating Issue Networks on the Web. Science as Culture, 2002, v. 11 - n. 2 - p. 191 a 214.
ROGERS, Richard. The Viagra Files: The Web as Anticipatory Medium. Prometheus, 2003, v. 21 - n. 2 - p. 195 a 212.
SHAVIRO, Steven. Money for Nothing: Virtual Worlds and Virtual Economies. In: IPE, Mary (Ed.). Virtual Worlds. Hyderabad: Icfai University Press, 2008. p. 53 a 67.
SHIRKY, Clay. Ontology Is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags. The Writings of Clay Shirky, 2005. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 28 jan. 2009.
SLEE, Mark. Opening More Control for Everyone. The Facebook Blog, 16 mar. 2009. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 21 fev. 2012.
SPINK, Amanda; JANSEN; Bernard J. Web Search: Public Searching on the Web. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004.
STONE, Allucquère R. The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
SWARTZ, Aaron. Who Writes Wikipedia? Blog post, Raw Thoughts, 4 set. 2006. Disponível: . Último acesso em: 18 out. 2012.
TURKLE, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
VAIDHYANATHAN, Siva. Where is This Book Going? The Googlization of Everything Blog, 25 set. 2007. Disponível em . Último acesso em: 22 dez. 2008.
VAIDHYANATHAN, Siva. The Googlization of Everything. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
VAN DIJCK, José. Users Like You? Theorizing Agency in User-Generated Content. Media Culture and Society, 2009, v. 31 - n. 1 - p. 41 a 58.
WATTS, Duncan. Small Worlds. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
WILLIAMS, Raymond. Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Fontana, 1974.
WOOLGAR, Steve. Five Rules of Virtuality. In: WOOLGAR, Steve (Ed.). Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 1 a 22.
BEAULIEU, Anne. Sociable Hyperlinks: An Ethnographic Approach to Connectivity. In: HINE, Christine (Ed.). Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet. Oxford: Berg, 2005. p. 183 a 197.
BENEDIKT, Michael. Cyberspace: Some Proposals. In: BENEDIKT, Michael (Ed.). Cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991. p. 119-224.
BOLTER, Jay D., GRUSIN, Richard. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
BOYD, Danah; ELLISON, Nicole. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2007, v. 13 - n. 1.
BOYLE, James. Foucault in Cyberspace. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 1997, v. 66 - p. 177 a 205.
BRUNS, Axel. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture — The Rise of the Network Society. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of Influenza Surveillance in the United State. Atlanta, GA, 2011. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 18 out. 2012.
CONTRACTOR, Noshir. Digital Traces: An Exploratorium for Understanding and Enabling Social Networks. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2009.
CHESNEY, Thomas. An Empirical Examination of Wikipedia’s Credibility. First Monday, 2006, v. 11 - n. 11.
CHUN, Wendy. Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.
DEIBERT, Ronald J. et al. (Eds.). Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
DIBBELL, Julian. My Tiny Life: Crime and Passion in a Virtual World. New York: Henry Holt, 1998.
DOHMEN, Joep. Opkomst en ondergang van extreemrechtse sites. NRC Handelsblad, 25 ago. 2007.
DUNNE, Anthony. Hertzian Tales: Electronic Products, Aesthetic Experience, and Critical Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
ELMER, Greg. Hypertext on the Web: The Beginnings and Ends of Web Pathology. Space and Culture, v. 10, 2001, p. 1 a 14.
FOOT, Kirsten; SCHNEIDER, Steven. Online Action in Campaign 2000: An Exploratory Analysis of the U.S. Political web Sphere. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2002, v. 46 - n. 2 - p. 222 a 244.
FOOT, Kirsten; SCHNEIDER, Steven. Web Campaigning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.
FULLER, Matthew. Behind the Blip: Essays on the Culture of Software. Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 2003.
GALLOWAY, Alexander. Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
GILES, Jim. Internet Encyclopedias Go Head to Head. Nature, 2005, v. 438 - n. 7070 - p. 900 a 1000.
GOLDSMITH, Jack, WU, Tim. Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World. New York: Oxford, 2006.
HAYLES, N. K. Print Is Flat, Code Is Deep: The Importance of Media-Specific Analysis. Poetics Today, 2004, v. 25 - n.1 - p. 67 a 90.
HINE, Christine. Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage, 2000.
INTRONA, Lucas; NISSENBAUM, Helen. Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters. Information Society, 2000, v. 16 - n. 3- p. 1 a 17.
JEANNENEY, Jean-Noel. Google and the Myth of Universal Knowledge: A View from Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
JENSEN, Jens F. “Interactivity ”: Tracking a New Concept in Media and Communication Studies. Nordicom Review, 1998, v. 19 - n.1 - p. 185 a 204.
JENKINS, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press, 2006.
JONES, Steve. Studying the Net: Intricacies and Issues. In: JONES, Steve (Ed.). Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net. London: Sage, 1999. p. 1 a 28.
KEEN, Andrew. The Cult of the Amateur: How Today’s Internet Is Killing Our Culture. London: Nicholas Brealey, 2007.
KREBS, Valdis. Mapping Networks of Terrorist Cells. Connections, 2002, v. 24 - n. 3 - p. 43 a 52.
KRUG, Steve. Don’t Make Me Think! A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability. Indianapolis: New Riders, 2000.
LANDOW, George. Hyper/Text/Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
LAZER, David et al. Computational Social Science. Science, 2009, v. 323 - n. 5915 -
p. 721 a 723.
LYNCH, Michael. A Sociology of Knowledge Machine. Ethnographic Studies, 1997, n. 2, p. 16 a 38.
MCLUHAN, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw Hill, 1964.
MAGNUS, P. D. Early Response to False Claims in Wikipedia. First Monday, 2008, v. 13 -
n. 9.
MANOVICH, Lev. Cultural Analytics. Unpublished ms., 2007. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 28 jan. 2009.
MANOVICH, Lev. Software Takes Command. Unpublished ms., 2008. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 10 abr. 2009.
MARRES, Noortje; ROGERS, Richard. Depluralising the Web, Repluralising Public Debate: The GM Food Debate on the Web. In: ROGERS, Richard (Ed.). Preferred Placement. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Editions, 2000. p. 113 a 135.
MARRES, Noortje; ROGERS, Richard. Subsuming the Ground: How Local Realities of the Ferghana Valley, Narmada Dams and BTC Pipeline Are Put to Use on the Web. Economy and Society, 2008, v. 37 - n. 2 - p. 251 a 281.
MARVIN, Carolyn. Peaceable Kingdoms and New Information Technologies: Prospects for the Nation-State. In: STURKEN, Marita; THOMAS, Douglas; BALL-ROKEACH, Sandra J. (Eds.). Technological Visions: The Hopes and Fears That Shape New Technologies. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004. p. 240 a 254.
MILLER, Daniel; SLATER, Don. The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
MILLS, C. W. The Sociological Imagination. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971.
NIEDERER, Sabine; VAN DIJCK, José. Wisdom of the Crowd or Technicity of Content? Wikipedia as Socio-technical System. New Media and Society, 2010, v. 12 - n. 8 - p. 1368 a 1387.
PARK, Han W.; THELWALL, Mike. Hyperlink Analyses of the World Wide Web: A Review. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, jul. 2003, v. 8 - n. 4.
READ, Brock. Can Wikipedia Ever Make the Grade? Chronicle of Higher Education, 2006, v. 53 - n. 10.
RHEINGOLD, Howard. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
RHEINGOLD, Howard. Virtual Reality: Exploring the Brave New Technologies. New York: Summit, 1991.
ROGERS, Richard. Information Politics on the Web. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
ROGERS, Richard. Operating Issue Networks on the Web. Science as Culture, 2002, v. 11 - n. 2 - p. 191 a 214.
ROGERS, Richard. The Viagra Files: The Web as Anticipatory Medium. Prometheus, 2003, v. 21 - n. 2 - p. 195 a 212.
SHAVIRO, Steven. Money for Nothing: Virtual Worlds and Virtual Economies. In: IPE, Mary (Ed.). Virtual Worlds. Hyderabad: Icfai University Press, 2008. p. 53 a 67.
SHIRKY, Clay. Ontology Is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags. The Writings of Clay Shirky, 2005. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 28 jan. 2009.
SLEE, Mark. Opening More Control for Everyone. The Facebook Blog, 16 mar. 2009. Disponível em: . Último acesso em: 21 fev. 2012.
SPINK, Amanda; JANSEN; Bernard J. Web Search: Public Searching on the Web. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004.
STONE, Allucquère R. The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
SWARTZ, Aaron. Who Writes Wikipedia? Blog post, Raw Thoughts, 4 set. 2006. Disponível: . Último acesso em: 18 out. 2012.
TURKLE, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
VAIDHYANATHAN, Siva. Where is This Book Going? The Googlization of Everything Blog, 25 set. 2007. Disponível em . Último acesso em: 22 dez. 2008.
VAIDHYANATHAN, Siva. The Googlization of Everything. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.
VAN DIJCK, José. Users Like You? Theorizing Agency in User-Generated Content. Media Culture and Society, 2009, v. 31 - n. 1 - p. 41 a 58.
WATTS, Duncan. Small Worlds. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
WILLIAMS, Raymond. Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Fontana, 1974.
WOOLGAR, Steve. Five Rules of Virtuality. In: WOOLGAR, Steve (Ed.). Virtual Society? Technology, Cyberbole, Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 1 a 22.
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2016-12-22
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ROGERS, R. O fim do virtual: os métodos digitais. Lumina, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, 2016. DOI: 10.34019/1981-4070.2016.v10.21353. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/lumina/article/view/21353. Acesso em: 27 dez. 2024.
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