De la diáspora a la nación, de casa a la dispersión: la subjetividad queer palestina
Publicado 2020-04-18
Versiones
- 2021-04-28 (2)
- 2020-04-18 (1)
Palabras clave
- Cruce,
- Diáspora,
- Normativo,
- Palestina,
- Queer
Cómo citar
Resumen
En este artículo se considera la tensíon entre inclusión y exclusión de la subjetividad queer palestina. Partimos del concepto amplio de “diaspora” presentado por James Clifford, en Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century (1997) y del concepto queer propuesto por João Manuel de Oliveira, en Dicionário Alice (2019), para pensar la doble ruptura de esta subjetividad, en relación con un origen territorial y con una sexualidad normativa. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, destacamos el uso de fuentes bibliográficas secundarias de manera transdisciplinaria –desde áreas del conocimiento tan diversas como la antropología, la historia, la planificación urbana, los estudios culturales y postcoloniales y los estudios de género y sexualidad– para analizar la rehabilitación del cuerpo físico y social del judío por parte del movimiento sionista y las nuevas estrategias propuestas para una integración instrumental de subjetividades queer dentro del espacio normativo y militarista de los Estados-nación. Estas fuentes bibliográficas secundarias y declaraciones de subjetividades queer palestinas –recopiladas de la prensa internacional– nos permitieron comprender que esa doble ruptura es interdependiente de la construcción histórica del Sionismo como proyecto político e ideológico, algo que se manifiesta en el momento (o en el intento) de cruce de la subjetividad queer palestina hacia el Estado de Israel. En este tiempo y espacio ella es incorporada en los relatos occidentales de progreso y democracia, como subjetividad queer, mientras es excluida como subjetividad palestina racializada y patológica.
Descargas
Citas
- Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
- Ali, Fahad. “I am a Palestinian, I am gay”, Honi Soit, 16 de setembro de 2014. https://honisoit.com/2014/09/i-am-a-palestinian-i-am-gay/.
- Anderson, Benedict. Comunidades Imaginadas. Traduzido por Catarina Mira. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2012.
- Benjamin, Walter. O Anjo da História. Traduzido por João Barrento. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim, 2010.
- Boatcă, Manuela, e Sérgio Costa. “Bodies and Borders: An Interview with Ella Shohat”, Jadaliyya, 18 de novembro de 2013. https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/29824/Bodies-and-Borders-An-Interview-with-Ella-Shohat.
- Boyarin, Daniel. “The Colonial Drag: Zionism, Gender, and Mimicry”. Em The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies, org. Fawzia Afzal-Khan e Kalpana Seshadri, 234–265. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
- Butler, Judith. Problemas de Género. Traduzido por Nuno Quintas. Lisboa: Orfeu Negro, 2017.
- Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
- Duggan, Lisa. The Twilight of Equality? Neoliberalism, Cultural Politics, and the Attack on Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press, 2003.
- Farago, Jason. “Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany, 1937 review – What Hitler dismissed as ‘filth’”, The Guardian, 13 de março de 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/mar/13/degenerate-art-attack-modern-art-nazi-germany-review-neue-galerie.
- Foucault, Michel. História da Sexualidade - I: A Vontade de Saber. Traduzido por Pedro Tamen. Lisboa: Relógio D’Água Editores, 1994.
- Gregory, Derek. The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, and Iraq. Malden: Blackwell Pub., 2004.
- Grosfoguel, Ramón. “Para Descolonizar os Estudos de Economia Política e os Estudos Pós-coloniais: transmodernidade, pensamento de fronteira e colonialidade global”. Em Epistemologias do Sul, org. Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Maria Paula Meneses, 383–417. Coimbra: Almedina, 2009. https://doi.org/10.12957/periferia.2009.3428
- Haddad, Ralph. “Queering the Occupation: Settler-Colonial Sexualities in the Era of Homonationalism”. Khol: A Journal for Body and Gender Research, 3, n. 1 (2017): 105–118.
- Herzl, Theodor. The Jewish State. Kansas: Digireads.com, 2011.
- Kafrissen, Rokhl. “Why Modern Anti-Zionists Love the Bund”, Haaretz, 29 de dezembro de 2019. https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-why-modern-anti-zionists-love-the-bund-1.8323974.
- Kimmerling, Baruch. The Invention and Decline of Israeliness: State, Society, and the Military. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
- Massad, Joseph. “Conceiving the masculine: Gender and Palestinian nationalism”. The Middle East Journal, 49, n. 3 (1995): 467–483.
- Massad, Joseph. “The ‘Post-Colonial’ Colony: Time, Space, and Bodies in Palestine/Israel”. Em The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies, org. Fawzia Afzal-Khan e Kalpana Seshadri, 311–343. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
- Mosse, George L. Nationalism and Sexuality: Middle-Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
- Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Muñoz, José Esteban. Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
- Nordau, Max Simon. Degeneration. Traduzido por George L. Mosse. New York: Howard Fertig, 1968.
- Oliveira, João Manuel de. “Queer”, Dicionário Alice, 1 de abril de 2019. http://alice.ces.uc.pt/dictionary/?id=23838&pag=23918&id_lingua=1&entry=24496.
- Peratis, Kathleen. “For Gay Palestinians, Tel Aviv Is Mecca”, The Forward, 24 de fevereiro de 2006. https://forward.com/opinion/1125/for-gay-palestinians-tel-aviv-is-mecca/.
- Piterberg, Gabriel. “Erasures”. New Left Review, 2001.
- Puar, Jasbir. Terrorist Assemblage: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822390442
- Puar, Jasbir. “Rethinking Homonationalism”. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 45, n. 2 (2013): 336–339. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002074381300007X
- Ram, Uri. Israeli Nationalism: Social conflicts and the politics of knowledge. London; New York: Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203844410
- Ribeiro, António Sousa. “Reversos da modernidade: colonialismo e Holocausto”. Em Geometrias da Memória: configurações pós-coloniais, org. António Sousa Ribeiro e Margarida Calafate Ribeiro, 43–58. Porto: Edições Afrontamento, 2016.
- Safran, William. “Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return”. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1, n. 1 (1991): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1353/dsp.1991.0004
- Said, Edward W. Orientalismo. Traduzido por Pedro Serra. Lisboa: Cotovia, 2004.
- Sand, Shlomo. The Invention of the Jewish People. Traduzido por Yael Lotan. London; New York: Verso, 2009.
- Sand, Shlomo. The Words and the Land: Israeli Intellectuals and the Nationalist Myth. Traduzido por Ames Hodges. Los Angeles; Cambridge: Semiotext(e); Distribuído por MIT Press, 2011.
- Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. “Para além do Pensamento Abissal: das linhas globais a uma ecologia de saberes”. Em Epistemologias do Sul, org. Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Maria Paula Meneses, 23–71. Coimbra: Almedina, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-33002007000300004
- Sartre, Jean-Paul. Réflexions sur la question juive. Paris: Gallimard, 2006.
- Shafie, Ghadir. “Pinkwashing: Israel’s International Strategy and Internal Agenda”. Khol: A Journal for Body and Gender Research, 1, n. 1 (2015): 82–86.
- Shenhav, Yehouda, e Hannan Hever. “‘Arab Jews’ after Structuralism: Zionist Discourse and the (de)Formation of an Ethnic Identity”. Social Identities, 18, n. 1 (2012): 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2011.629517
- Shohat, Ella. “Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims”. Social Text, n. 19/20 (1988): 1-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/466176
- Sibai, Sirin Adlbi. La cárcel del feminismo: hacia un pensamiento islámico decolonial. México, D.F.: Akal, 2016.
- Smooha, Sammy. “The Mass Immigrations to Israel: A Comparison of the Failure of the Mizrahi Immigrants of the 1950s with the Success of the Russian Immigrants of the 1990s”. Journal of Israeli History, 27, n. 1 (2008): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13531040801902708
- Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”. Em Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader, org. Patrick Williams e Laura Chrisman, 66-111. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
- The Knesset. 1950. “The Law of Return 5710”. https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/return.htm.
- The Knesset. 2018. “Basic Law: Israel - The Nation State of the Jewish People”. https://knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/BasicLawNationState.pdf.
- UNRWA. 2019. “Palestine refugees”. https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees.
- Weizman, Eyal. Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation. London; New York: Verso, 2007.
- Wolfe, Patrick. “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native”. Journal of Genocide Research, 8, n. 4 (2006): 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520601056240
- Wolfe, Patrick. Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology: The Politics and Poetics of an Ethnographic Event. London; New York: Cassell, 1999.
- Yiftachel, Oren. Ethnocracy: land and identity politics in Israel/Palestine. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.