v. 29 n. 1 (2023): A história das mercadorias no mundo pré-industrial: potencialidades e limites de uma abordagem
Dossiê

Perspectivas transhistóricas sobre mercadorias, fetichismo e sistemas mundiais: Tecnologias de exploração ao longo de cinco mil anos

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  • Alf Hornborg
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2023.v29.40399

Publicado 2023-08-07

Palavras-chave

  • Capitalismo,
  • Mercadorias,
  • Andes

Como Citar

Hornborg , Alf. 2023. “Perspectivas transhistóricas Sobre Mercadorias, Fetichismo E Sistemas Mundiais: Tecnologias De exploração Ao Longo De Cinco Mil Anos”. Locus: Revista De História 29 (1):14-39. https://doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2023.v29.40399.

Copyright (c) 2023 Leonardo Marques

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Resumo

Mercadorias, produção de exportação, dinheiro, preços de mercado, trabalho assalariado,
acumulação de capital e tecnologias dependentes de sistemas mundiais podem ser rastreados até a Idade do Bronze. As continuidades dificultam analiticamente a identificação de um determinado ponto na história em que o "capitalismo" nasceu. O exemplo inca ilustra como a acumulação de capital e a exploração por meio de trocas de longa distância podem ser identificadas mesmo na ausência de dinheiro. Os mercados modernos e o ritual inca sugerem duas formas alternativas de obscurecer a troca fisicamente desigual, projetando ilusões de reciprocidade. A cerveja de milho servida pelos incas tinha uma função semelhante à do salário moderno. A reciprocidade fictícia dos preços do mercado moderno parece ser um exemplo de um fenômeno mais fundamental do metabolismo social que pode ser identificado até mesmo nas economias não monetárias dos Andes pré-hispânicos. Assim como as fábricas de algodão na Grã-Bretanha industrializada, os terraços de milho dos incas representavam capital no sentido de uma infraestrutura material e produtiva continuamente ampliada por meio de uma mistificação cultural de trocas desiguais. Hoje, podemos reconhecer o papel da tecnologia industrial no sistema mundial como uma nova estratégia de apropriação do tempo-espaço. A novidade da Revolução Industrial foi delegar a exploração e as desigualdades à lógica combinada de mercados e máquinas.

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