v. 27 n. 1 (2021): Dossiê - Visões da História Chinesa
Dossiê

1898: O início do fim para a religião chinesa?

pdf
  • Vincent Goossaert
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2021.v27.33104

Publicado 2021-05-13

Palavras-chave

  • Religião Chinesa,
  • Dinastia Qing,
  • Reformas religiosas na China,
  • Shenbao

Como Citar

Goossaert, Vincent. 2021. “1898: O início Do Fim Para a religião Chinesa?”. Locus: Revista De História 27 (1):23-60. https://doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2021.v27.33104.

Copyright (c) 2021 Vincent Goossaert

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Resumo

Em 10 de julho de 1898, o líder reformista Kang Youwei 康有為 (1858–1927) enviou um memorial ao trono propondo que todas as academias e templos na China, com exceção daqueles incluídos nos registros de sacrifícios do estado (sidian 祀典), fossem transformados em escolas. O imperador Guangxu ficou tão satisfeito com a proposta que promulgou um edito (shangyu 上諭) no mesmo dia assumindo as palavras de Kang. Em três ocasiões nas semanas seguintes, o editorial do famoso diário de Xangai, o Shenbao 申報 discutiu o edital não como uma lei que visava facilitar a criação ex nihilo de uma rede nacional de escolas públicas, mas como a declaração de uma reforma religiosa, isto é, uma mudança na política religiosa que livraria a China dos cultos nos templos e de seus especialistas, budistas, taoístas e médiuns espirituais. De fato, foi assim, embora tanto a historiografia chinesa quanto a ocidental geralmente tenham negligenciado a apreciação da importância do elemento religioso nas chamadas reformas Wuxu (11 de junho a 21 de setembro de 1898) e nas políticas modernistas posteriores. Essa importância, como veremos, pode ser avaliada tanto nos escritos de alguns dos líderes reformistas quanto entre as populações preocupadas com as suas consequências práticas.

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