Dossiê
Publicado 2020-09-10 — Atualizado em 2021-04-30
Versões
- 2021-04-30 (2)
- 2020-09-10 (1)
Palavras-chave
- Ídolos,
- Destruição,
- Islã,
- Iconoclasta,
- Palmira
- Mosul ...Mais
Como Citar
Elices Ocón, Jorge. (2020) 2021. “Estátuas também Morrem. Património, Museus E memórias Na Mira De DAESH”. Locus: Revista De História 26 (2):169-92. https://doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2020.v26.30949.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jorge Elices Ocón
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Resumo
As destruições de estátuas, sítios arqueológicos e museus pelo DAESH na Síria e no Iraque não devem ser consideradas simples atos de vandalismo ou ações iconoclastas baseadas em uma interpretação radical e distorcida do Islã, mas na verdade ocultam um discurso complexo que deve ser entendido no debate atual sobre a redefinição do patrimônio, particularmente das estátuas, questionadas por representar um passado colonial ou autocrático que não é mais considerado digno de ser preservado e lembrado.
Downloads
Não há dados estatísticos.
Referências
- Abdul Samad, Bincy. “Civilizational Memory: The Transformation of Palmyra as a Cultural Patrimony of the West”. Tese de doutoramento, Bowling Green State University, Graduate College of Bowling Green State University, 2020.
- Anónimo. “Erasing the Legacy of a Ruined Nation”, Dabiq, 8 (2015), 22-24.
- Anónimo. “ISIL and Antiquities Trafficking”, FBI News, 26 de Agosto de 2015.
- Anónimo. “A man in Algeria attacked a naked female statue with a hammer”, The Observers. France24, 19 de Diciembre de 2017.
- Anónimo. “La estatua de Colón atacada en La Paz comienza a ser restaurada”, Agencia EFE, 19 de Noviembre de 2018.
- Anónimo. “Manifestantes cambiaron estatua de Francisco de Aguirre por una mujer diaguita en La Serena”, Meganoticias, 25 de Octubre de 2020.
- Anónimo. “Ingleses derrubam estátua de traficante de escravos durante protesto antirracismo em Bristol”, Folha de São Paulo, 8 de Junio de 2020.
- Anónimo. “El traslado de una estatua de un mariscal soviético causa polémica en Praga”, La Vanguardia, 13 de Septiembre de 2019.
- Anónimo. “Un concejal de Vox retira una estatua de Abderramán III en Cadrete”, El Periódico, 18 de Junio de 2019.
- Ali, Nadia. “The royal veil: early Islamic figural art and the Bilderverbot reconsidered”, Religion, 47, 3, (2015), 425-444, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2017.1319992
- Al-Azm, Amr, Al-Kuntar, Salam e Daniels, Brian I. “ISIS’ Antiquities Sideline”, New York Times, 2 de Septiembre de 2014.
- Al-Azm, Amr, Al-Kuntar, Salam e Daniels, Brian I. “The Pillaging of Syria's Cultural Heritage”, Middle East Institute, 22 de Marzo de 2015.
- Altares, Guillermo. “El Estado Islámico se lanza contra la memoria de la humanidad”, El País, 27 de Febrero de 2017.
- Alter, Nora M. Chris Marker. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
- Anderson, Benjamin e Rojas, Felipe. Antiquarianisms: Contact, Conflict, Comparison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
- Antón, Jacinto. “El Gran Museo Egipcio se retrasa hasta 2021 pero se puede hacer una visita de obras virtual desde casa”, El País, 12 de Abril de 2020.
- Bahrani, Zainab. “‘This Is a Genocide’: Art Historian Zainab Bahrani on ISIS’s Destruction of Cultural Heritage”, Artnews, 11 de Noviembre de 2017.
- Baird, Jennifer e Kamash, Zena, Remembering Roman Syria: valuing Tadmor-Palmyra, from “discovery” to destruction, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 62, (2019), 1, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-5370.12090
- Basu, Laura. Ned Kelly as Memory Dispositif: Media, Time, Power, and the Development of Australian Identities. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110288797
- Bernhardsson, Magnus. Reclaiming a plundered past. Archaeology and nation building in modern Iraq. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.
- Bearden, Lauren. “Complex Destruction: Near Eastern Antiquities and the ISIS Spectacle”. Tese de doutoramento, Georgia State University. Blair, Laurence. “Manifestantes indígenas derriban las estatuas de los conquistadores españoles en las protestas de Chile”, ElDiario.es, 5 de Noviembre de 2019.
- Bonet, Pilar. “La cultura se convierte en la nueva guerra de Crimea”, El País, 22 de Mayo de 2020.
- Brodie, Neil e Sabrine, Isber. “The illegal excavation and trade of Syrian cultural objects: a view from the ground”, Journal of Field Archaeology, 43, (2018), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2017.1410919
- Çelik, Zeyneb. About Antiquities: Politics of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire. Dallas: Dallas University Press, 2016.
- Chamarette, Jenny. “Les Statues meurent aussi/Statues Also Die”, Senses of Cinema, Septiembre de 2009.
- Choay, Francoise. A alegoria do patrimonio. Sao Paulo: Estaçao Liberdade/Ed. UNESP, 2017 (1a ed. 1992).
- Cooper, Sarah. Chris Marker. Manchester/New York: Manchester University Press, 2008.
- Cortés, Cleyton. “Notas para interpretar a la desmonumentalización como actos performáticos de ajusticiamiento”, Crítica.CL, 2 de Febrero de 2020.
- Desai, Vishakha. “Pakistan's Buddha Statues Under Attack”, Dallas Morning News, 11 de Noviembre de 2007.
- Díaz-Andreu, Margarita. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Di Iorio, Sam. “The Fragile Present: Statues Also Die with Night and Fog”, South Central Review, 33, 2, (2016), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1353/scr.2016.0019
- Doncel, Luis. “Bélgica esconde al hombre leopardo”, El País, 29 de Noviembre de 2013.
- Elias, Jamal J. “(Un) making Idolatry: From Mecca to Bamiyan”, Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservaton, History, Theory, and Criticism, 4, (2007), 12-29.
- Farnazeh, Sam. “Trump under fire for threat to Iranian cultural sites”, BBC News, 6 de Enero de 2020.
- Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum”, The Art Bulletin, 84, 4, (2002), 641-659. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177288
- Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Lost Histories of a Licit Figural Art”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 45, (2013), 566-570. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743813000494
- Flood, Finbarr Barry. “Idol Breaking as Image Making in the “Islamic State”, Religion and Society: Advances in Research, 7, (2016), 116-138.
- Pierre-Philippe Fraiture. “Statues also die”, Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy - Revue de la philosophie française et de langue française, 24, 1, (2016) 45-67. https://doi.org/10.5195/JFFP.2016.757
- Gamboni, Dario. The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. Londres: Reaktion Books. 1977.
- García Vega, Miguel Ángel. “De quem devem ser os tesouros históricos roubados?”, El País-Brasil, 4 de Diciembre de 2017.
- Goode, John Fitzgerald. Negotiating for the past: archaeology, nationalism, and diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941. Austin: Austin University Press, 2009.
- Gottlieb, Yaron. “Attacks Against Cultural Heritage as a Crime Against Humanity”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 51, 1, (2020), 287-330.
- Gruber, Christiane. The image debate. Figural representation in Islam and Across the World. Londres: Gingko Press, 2019.
- Grundy, Tomm. “Hong Kong’s Lady Liberty statue vandalised after being installed atop Lion Rock”, Hong Kong Free Press, 14 de Octubre de 2019.
- Gutiérrez, Volker. “Estatuas, memoria y patrimonio”, DiarioUChile, 3 de Noviembre de 2019.
- Harloe, Katherine. Winckelmann and the Invention of Antiquity: History and Aesthetics in the Age of Altertumswissenschaft. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695843.001.0001
- Harmanşhah, Ömür. “ISIS, Heritage, and the Spectacles of Destruction in the Global Media”, Near Eastern Archaeology, 78, 3, (2015), 170-177. https://doi.org/10.5615/neareastarch.78.3.0170
- Haugbolle, Sune. “Imprisonment, truth telling, and historical memory in Syria”, Mediterranean Politics, 13, (2008), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629390802127646
- Hawkins, Jamie. “Winston Churchill statue vandalised as thousands attend Black Lives Matter rally”, Mirror, 6 de Junio de 2020.
- Herson Huinca. “Caen los íconos de la memoria histórica colonial”, Le Monde Diplomatique, Diciembre de 2019.
- Hodge, Mark. “Terrorised in the afterlife. Shocking video shows ISIS fanatics crushing mummies with a bulldozer when they destroyed Palmyra”, The Sun, 7 de Julio de 2016.
- Jones, Christopher. W. “Understanding ISIS’s destruction of antiquities as a rejection of nationalism”, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 6, (2018), 31-58. https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.6.1-2.0031
- Kolrud, Kristine e Prusac, Marina. Iconoclasm from Antiquity to Modernity. Burlington: Ashgate, 2014.
- Kristensen, Troels M. y Stirling, Lea. The Afterlife of Greek and Roman Sculpture: Late Antique Responses and Practices. Michigan: Michigan University Press, 2016.
- Kumar, Suchi. “The Afghan artefacts that survived Taliban destruction”, BBC, 4 de Febrero de 2020.
- Leroy, Aliaume. “Smuggled Antiquities Fund ISIL’s Campaigns”, Bellingcat, 6 de Diciembre de 2014.
- Lister, Charles. 2018. “Twitter”. https://twitter.com/charles_lister/status/1001458223491280896?lang=da
- Marker, Chris, Cloquet, Ghislain e Resnais, Alain. Les Statues meurent aussi. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1953.
- Márquez, Yessenia. “Decapitan busto de histórico militar y cuelgan su cabeza en estatua de Caupolicán en Temuco”, BioBioChile, 29 de Octubre de 2019
- Marschall, Sabine. “Targeting Statues: Monument “Vandalism” as an Expression of Sociopolitical Protest in South Africa”, African Studies Review, 60, 3, (2017), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.56
- Martínez, José Luis. “Entre estatuas y memorias. rompiendo una(s) historia(s) de lo nacional”. Em Chile Despertó. Lecturas desde la Historia del estallido social de octubre, org. Pablo Artaza, Azun Candina, Javier Esteve, Mauricio Folchi, Sergio Grez, Cristián Guerrero, José Luis Martínez, Mario Matus, Carla Peñaloza, Carlos Sanhueza e José Manuel Zavala, 28-42. Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, 2019.
- Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Ancient history and the antiquarian”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 13, 3-4, (1950), 285-315. https://doi.org/10.2307/750215
- Montes, Rocío. “Las protestas de Chile cuestionan la historia oficial de las esculturas”, El País, 23 de Enero de 2020.
- Mora, Miguel. “Un veterano agitador de la extrema derecha gala se suicida en Notre-Dame”, El País, 21 de Mayo de 2013. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2012.mar.04
- Morgan, Llewelyn. The Buddhas of Bamiyan. Londres: Profile Books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674065383
- Naef, Silvia. “Las artes en el Islam: entre prohibición y figuración”, Boletín Hispánico Helvético, 9, (2007), 125-138.
- Naranjo, José. “Las civilizaciones negras ya tienen su museo”, El País, 28 de Enero de 2019.
- Nitahara, Akemi. “Museu Nacional: um ano após incêndio, resgate e doações ajudam a recompor acervo”, Agência Brasil, 2 de Septiembre de 2019.
- Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les lieux de mémoire”, Representation, 26, (1989), 7- 24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
- Mauricio Onetto “La caída de Pedro de Valdivia: por una nueva historia, por un nuevo patrimonio”, El Mostrador, 23 de noviembre de 2019.
- O’Connor, Tom. “ISIS Executed Muslims for 'Turning Back on Islam' in Palmyra”, Newsweek, 24 de Marzo de 2017.
- Rose-Redwood, Reubin e Patrick, Wil. “Why activists are vandalizing statues to colonialism”, The Conversation, 17 de Marzo de 2020.
- Sánchez, Álvaro. “Bélgica reabre el Museo de África tras ‘descolonizarlo’”, El País, 8 de Diciembre de 2018.
- Sanogo, Aboubakar. “Museums also die: The Musée du Quai Branly and the mask of the contemporary”, The Moving Image Review & Art Journal, 2, 1, (2013), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1386/miraj.2.1.91_7
- Schnapp, Alain. La conquête du passé. Aux origines de l’archéologie. París: Le Livre de Poche, Références/Art, 1998 (1a ed. 1993).
- Schnapp, Alain, org. World Antiquarianism: comparative perspectives. Los Ángeles: The Getty Research Institute, 2013.
- Smith, Claire, Heather Burke y Cherrie de Leiuen, Gary Jackson. “The Islamic State’s symbolic war: Daesh’s socially mediated terrorism as a threat to cultural heritage”, Journal of Social Archaelogy, 16, 2 (2016), 164-188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605315617048 Sánchez-Vallejo, María Antonia. “Deputados britânicos propõem devolver a Atenas peças do Partenon”, El País-Brasil, 20 de Julio de 2016.
- Searcey, Dionne y Nayeri, Farah. “Senegal’s Museum of Black Civilizations Welcomes Some Treasures Home”, New York Times, 15 de Enero de 2019.
- Seisdedos, Iker. “El Louvre Abu Dabi ve la luz en el desierto”, El País, 8 de Noviembre de 2017.
- Sharma, L. K. “Statues are not safe in India”, OpenDemocracy, 10 de Marzo de 2018.
- Sharma, Suraj. “Ataturk statues attacked in post-referendum 'new' Turkey”, Middle East Eye, 7 de Septiembre de 2017.
- Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and Possessed. Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire. Berkeley-Los Ángeles: Berkeley University Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520233355.001.0001
- Shaw, Wendy M. K. “Destroy Your Idols”, X- Tra Contemporary Art Quarterly, 18, 1, (2015), 73-94.
- Solé, Alba. “Ataque ultra al monumento a Rafael Casanova”, El Nacional.Cat, 17 de Noviembre de 2017.
- Taub, Ben. “The real value of the ISIS antiquities trade”, New York Times, 4 de Diciembre de 2015.
- Tomlinson, Simon. “Memorials to British colonials attacked across South Africa as protesters demand statues honouring 'racist' figures from its past are removed”, Dailymail, 15 de Abril de 2020.
- Turku, Helga. The Destruction of Cultural Property as a Weapon of War. Berlin: Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57282-6
- Tyler Thrasher e Laura Perrot. “Confederate statue toppled by protesters was already being planned for removal”, 8News, 6 de Junio de 2020.
- Valter, Stéphane. La construction nationale syrienne. Légitimation de la nature communautaire du pouvoir par le discours historique. París: CNRS, 2002. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.3596
- Van der Linde, Damon. “Mali conflict threatens an ancient culture”, Made for minds, 1 de Marzo de 2013.
- Vicente, Alex. “El incierto retorno de los tesoros africanos”, El País, 14 de Diciembre de 2018.
- Vicente, Alex. “¿Qué busca Francia al exportar sus museos?”, El País, 14 de Diciembre de 2019.
- Vlasic, Mark V y Turku, Helga. “Protecting cultural heritage as a means for international peace, security and stability: The case of ISIS, Syria and Iraq”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 49, 5, (2016), 1371-1416.
- Walker, Vivian. “Say it with statues: Brick-and-mortar revisionism in Orban’s Hungary”, Texas National Security Review, 8 de Febrero de 2019.
- Webb, Peter. “Creating Arab origins: Muslim constructions of al-Jāhiliyya and Arab history”. Tese de doutoramento, University of London, 2014.
- Xavier, Mauricio. “Centro ganha escultura em homenagem a Zumbi dos Palmares”, Veja São Paulo, 16 de Diciembre de 2016.