Psychiatry and spirituality: in search of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual formulation of the case
Aplicações práticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2018.v44.28020Keywords:
Religion, Spirituality, Treatment, Psychiatry, DiagnosisAbstract
Introduction: In the last decades, several and rigorous researches have been conducted and published pointing to a generally positive association between religious involvement and better physical and mental health. In addition, the vast majority of people around the world have some religious belief or affiliation and expect religious and spiritual aspects to be addressed in their medical treatment. Objective: To update health professionals in the context of the S/R (Spirituality/Religiosity) approach in clinical practice, especially in psychiatry. Material and methods: A review was conducted looking for evidence of the practical guidelines of the S/R approach in clinical care. Results: Health professionals should be aware of the positive impact of religious involvement on physical and mental health and understand its clinical implications, even because worldwide psychiatric associations have encouraged such an approach. However, many professionals, including psychiatrists and psychologists, are less religious than the general population. In addition, among other alleged causes for this S/R approach not to be effective in practice are lack of proper training, lack of time and fear of breaking ethical barriers. One way to include religious approaches in treatment is to recommend collecting a spiritual history from patients. In this way, it will be possible to identify possible existing spiritual conflicts, by conducting appropriate counseling and referrals of patients to their religious groups. There are also studies evaluating the application of religiously based therapeutic interventions, such as adaptation to cognitive behavioral therapy. Conclusion: the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual formulation of the case can be considered a more integrative proposal from the diagnostic and therapeutic point of view than the only bio-psycho-social model for the clinical case formulation in psychiatry.
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