Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the percentage of positive urine tests for Trichomonas vaginalis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34019/1982-8047.2024.v50.45651Palavras-chave:
Tricomoníase, Epidemiologia, Covid-19Resumo
Introduction: Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, and most infections are asymptomatic – making difficult the diagnosis and allowing the parasite to spread. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, social isolation measures were taken to prevent the transmission of SARS-Cov-2. Interestingly, some studies have shown an increase in the number of sexually transmitted infections during and after the lockdown ended. Objective: To evaluate the impact that Covid-19 pandemic had on the percentage of positive urine tests for T. vaginalis in an outpatient service of a teaching hospital, through a retrospective descriptive study. Material and Methods: A total of 21,762 urine tests were analyzed (0.20% [n= 43] positive for T. vaginalis) among January 2018 and July 2023. Results: The temporal analysis showed a percentage of 0.05% and 0.09% of positive urine tests for T. vaginalis, respectively, in the pre-pandemic period (2018 and 2019). There was a trend towards an increase in 2020 (0.18%) which was confirmed in the following years with the relaxation of social isolation measures in Brazil (0.30% and 0.33% in 2021 and 2022, respectively). This increase continued in the following year (0.18% until July 2023), coinciding with the end of the public health emergency declared by the World Health Organization. Of the 38 infected individuals, 34 were women (44.7% pregnant) and 4 were men. Additionally, 50% of the diagnosed trichomoniasis received specific treatment and only 21% of sexual partners were indicated for treatment. Conclusion: The study highlights the increase in trichomoniasis during and after the Covid-19 pandemic and the reduced number of individuals – and sexual partners – treated. Establishing protocols for early diagnosis and health education are necessary to reduce the number of cases of this sexually transmitted infection in the community.
Downloads
Referências
Ojha S, Vishwakarma PK, Mishra S, Tripathi SM. Impact of urinary tract and vaginal infections on the physical and emotional well-being of women. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2024. doi: 10.2174/0118715265286164240508064714.
Almeida MS, Argôlo DS, Almeida-Júnior JS, Pinheiro MS, Brito AMG. Tricomoníase: prevalência no gênero feminino em Sergipe no biênio 2004-2005. Rev Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2010; 15(1):1417-21. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232010000700052.
Ambrozio CL, Nagel AS, Jeske S, Bragança GCM, Borsuk S, Villela MM. Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence and risk factors for women in southern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2016; 58:61. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946201658061.
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de HIV, Aids, Tuberculose, Hepatites Virais e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Protocolo clínico e diretrizes terapêuticas para atenção integral às pessoas com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis [Internet]. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2022 [citado em 2024 ago. 20]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/aids/pt-br/central-de-conteudo/pcdts/2022/ist/pcdt-ist-2022_isbn-1.pdf/view.
Corbeto EL, Colón RL, Fernández MM, Barbara JC. Epidemiological situation of post-pandemic sexually transmitted infections in Catalonia, Spain. Med Clin (Barc). 2023; 161(3):95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.03.014.
Bolumburu C, Zamora V, Muñoz-Algarra M, Cruz MLC, Escario JA, Ibáñez-Escribano A. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the trends of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(3):620. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12030620.
Sentís A, Prats-Uribe A, López-Corbeto E, Montoro-Fernandez M, Nomah DK, Garcia de Olalla P et al. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sexually transmitted infections surveillance data: incidence drop or artefact? BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1):1637. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11630-x.
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa Nacional de DST e Aids. Manual de bolso das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis [Internet]. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2005 [citado em 2024 ago. 20]. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_vigilancia_saude_volume_2.pdf.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA). Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines [Internet]. 2021 [citado em 2024 ago. 20]. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/trichomoniasis.htm.
Husen O, Aliyo A, Boru K, Gemechu T, Dedecha W, Ashenafi G. Trichomonas vaginalis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at bule hora University Teaching Hospital, Oromia region, southern Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res. 2023; 2023:4913058. doi: 10.1155/2023/4913058.
Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Almukhtar M, Taha SR, Zadeh MS, Moghadam KB et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of cervical neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023; 18(7):e0288443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288443.
Gerwen OTV, Craig-Kuhn MC, Jones AT, Schroeder JA, Deaver J, Buekens P et al. Trichomoniasis and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2021; 128(12):1907-15. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16774.
Van Der Pol B. Clinical and laboratory testing for Trichomonas vaginalis infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2016; 54(1):7-12. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02025-15.
Kissinger P. Epidemiology and treatment of trichomoniasis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015; 17(6):484. doi: 10.1007/s11908-015-0484-7.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Lauren Hubert Jaeger, Bruna Milagres Souza, Samira Aparecida Coelho Souza, Victor Rocha Lamego, Alexandra Menezes dos Anjos Dória Silva, Paula Rocha Chellini, Alexandre Freire Pinto
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Cessão de Primeira Publicação à HU Revista
Os autores mantém todos os direitos autorais sobre a publicação, sem restrições, e concedem à HU Revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento irrestrito do trabalho, com reconhecimento da autoria e crédito pela citação de publicação inicial nesta revista, referenciando inclusive seu DOI.
