Teoria e Cultura

Sobre os autores

2025-03-28T21:36:24+00:00

Sobre os autores

Folha de Rosto

2025-03-28T20:33:56+00:00

Folha de rosto

Sumário

2025-03-28T20:39:07+00:00

Summary

Metamorphosis from the Phenomenology of Perception

2024-03-19T19:51:30+00:00

Deviating from Cartesian conceptions that establish oppositions between body/mind and body/world, this text uses a sociological approach to Merleau-Ponty's philosophy and Kafka's literature, which is read as "fabulist realist" (ANDERS, 1990) , to understand how the body manifests itself in literature and, mainly, how it is related to the construction and reconstruction of subjectivity. Based on the considerations presented, the book The Metamorphosis (KAFKA, 2017) will be analyzed from a Phenomenology of Perception perspective (MERLEAU-PONTY, 1999). The article is divided into three parts: in the first, The Metamorphosis: Rupture and Opening to Existentialism, a more descriptive presentation of The Metamorphosis is made (KAFKA, 2017) and it is pointed out how existentialism is present in the book from the presentation of the work and a discussion based on secondary readings; in the second, Reflections on Corporeal Existentialism in Merleau-Ponty, it is discussed how the phenomenology of perception opposes scholastic and idealistic ideals, thinking of an ontology through the body, at the same time that it distances itself from behaviorist and biologizing reflections; in the third, The Phenomenology of Perception Along with Metamorphosis, a reading of elements present in The Metamorphosis (KAFKA, 2017) is carried out to understand in the light of the phenomenology of perception.

Despite the crisis, beyond hunger: solidarity and resistance in a peripheral community during COVID-19

2024-06-07T00:51:53+00:00

This article emerges from an ethnography that has been developed since 2021 in a peripheral community in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Starting from a case considered "emblematic" by the residents, where twin children under the care of a single father were in a condition of extreme hunger, I seek to understand the dynamics of conformation of a solidarity network for the confrontation of hunger in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Actor-Network Theory, I analyze the case through the agencies of Jorge, a community leader and president of the Residents' Association. It was possible to observe the reconfiguration of the family's support network, removing them from extreme precariousness. Invisibility and vulnerability mobilized the emergence of a "doing something (fazer algo)" materialized in acts of mutual, diverse and conflicting resistance and solidarity: the distribution of food baskets based on a media broadcast; the obtaining of food ("kilo by kilo") and, finally, the collection of "ten (reais) from one, ten from another" to pay the family's rent, ensuring their existence with dignity. Thus, I try to demonstrate that, in the face of contingent and structural precariousness, the agency of solidarity, even if temporary, feeds possibilities and frictions at the limits of the daily life of low-income people.

Keywords: Hunger. Social Vulnerability. Precarization. Coping Strategies. COVID-19.

Normas para publicação

2025-03-25T18:26:51+00:00

Normas para os autores

A hora e a vez da Justiça Subnacional

2024-10-17T14:06:37+00:00

This article analyzes the research agenda concerning subnational justice in Brazil to address the gap within studies on the Brazilian justice system, which are predominantly focused on the Supreme Court. The methodology adopted employs a quantitative approach, encompassing the examination of 185 articles from the Scielo database to delineate the subfield of subnational justice, encompassing considerations of researcher profiles, covered topics, and employed methodologies. The findings highlight an emerging yet varied body of work about themes, subjects of investigation, and research methods. Consequently, there is a discernible necessity for a more structured and comparative analysis to facilitate the formulation of a theory pertaining to local power dynamics. Ultimately, the advancement of this field is contingent upon approaches that account for the intricacies of Brazilian federalism and facilitate the expansion of knowledge within this specific domain.

Alienação parental como ferramenta de “lawfare”:

2024-06-12T13:39:11+00:00

Este artigo se insere no campo da justiça subnacional, ao explorar a instrumentalização da “alienação parental” no Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais, sob a perspectiva da fabricação do direito desenvolvida por Bruno Latour. Partimos da análise de 275 acórdãos, indexados no período de 2010 a 2022, para compreender como os magistrados e os operadores do direito empregam o conceito de alienação parental, tanto nas decisões que rechaçam as alegações como nas que as reconhecem. Observamos uma tendência de invocação da alienação parental como ferramenta estratégica para influenciar os vereditos, em uma ampla gama de questões familiares e legais. Esse uso estratégico pode ser visto como subterfúgio e forma de usar politicamente o Judiciário, com a construção de realidades sob o manto do “melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente”. O efeito direto dessas práticas seria a manutenção de relações hierárquicas de gênero, por meio do reforço de estereótipos sobre maternidade, o que desagua na perpetuação de violências contra mulheres, crianças e adolescentes. Além disso, a pesquisa destaca a importância de se analisar a justiça em escalas menores (como o estado dentro de um país de dimensões continentais como o Brasil) para compreender as nuances e os impactos da aplicação do direito no cotidiano das pessoas, sobretudo em contextos marcados por relações de poder desiguais.

Anatomy of the Economic Structure of Brazilian States

2024-08-28T20:17:36+00:00

This paper aims to classify the Brazilian states and the Federal District according to their economic structure, understanding that their organization reflects the balance of power among the main political and economic actors of the society to which they belong. In federal contexts, where greater political decentralization endows subunits with greater political-administrative autonomy in certain policy areas, and in some cases also fiscal autonomy, the functioning of the subnational state carries more weight in the incentive structure that affects the decisions of economic actors to settle in a particular region.

In this article, it is argued that to achieve a comprehensive understanding of state functioning, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the state and the surrounding economic structure. With this perspective in mind, this exploratory work seeks to encourage dialogue between two bodies of literature: economic geography and the political economy of federalism, through the mapping and classification of the economic structure of the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District. The proposed dimensions are: 1) Relative weight of the state in the subnational economy; 2) Strength of the private sector in the subnational economy; 3) Brazilian National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE); 4) Type of activity that predominates in the subunit; 5) Economic profiles of each subunit; and 6) Degree of economic dispersion-centralization within each state.

Beyond economics: analyzing the political dynamics of the Fiscal Recovery Regime of Brazilian states

2024-10-17T13:45:02+00:00

The Fiscal Recovery Regime, a federal bailout instrument for states in severe fiscal crisis, was first implemented in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2017. Following its modification in 2021, in addition to RJ, the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul joined the Regime. Some authors have focused thus far on understanding the economic implications of the RRF for the fiscal autonomy of states and have warned about the complexity of the required measures. However, the argument of this text starts from the premise that there is a lack of understanding of the political factors involved in the process from negotiation to implementation of the RRF. To do so, the projects and discussions undertaken in the National Congress and state assemblies were analyzed, as well as statements and data on the execution of the plans. The results show that the actions of key actors, such as the President of the Republic and governors, were essential for the establishment of the Regime, but other figures were also important, such as the Supreme Federal Court. Additionally, the information helps us understand the modifications the RRF underwent and what we can expect from the coming years of its execution.

Capacidades estatales para la gestión de políticas públicas en las intendencias de Uruguay: los desafíos de la gobernanza local (2005-2020).

2024-05-15T21:21:44+00:00

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar los tipos de capacidades estatales con que cuentan las intendencias departamentales de Uruguay para diseñar e implementar políticas públicas en el marco de sus competencias. Para ello se realiza una conceptualización de capacidades estatales subnacionales que arroja diversos modelos de gestión predominantes a nivel de la organización gubernamental: 1) Discrecional, 2) Burocrático y 3) Gobernanza Local. A nivel empírico se realiza una medición de los atributos del modelo de gobernanza local a través del índice de gobernanza departamental (IGD), el que es aplicado para todas las intendencias (19) en los tres períodos de gobierno comprendidos entre 2005 y 2020. Los principales resultados arrojan una alta heterogeneidad entre los modelos de gestión predominantes en las intendencias, así como también entre las distintas dimensiones y atributos de capacidades. Se considera que el IGD es una contribución para el estudio de los modelos de gestión de las intendencias de Uruguay que puede ser replicable en otros países, principalmente en sistemas unitarios y centralizados de América Latina.

The Pará Executive in focus: What are the legislative agendas of the Pará Governments

2024-05-15T20:56:51+00:00

This article analyzes the legislative agendas of the Executives of the State of Pará in the period from 2007 to 2022, which correspond to the governments of Ana Júlia Carepa (PT), Simão Jatene II and III (PSDB) and Helder Barbalho (MDB). Analyzing subnational governments is crucial to understand their political priorities and legislative success. The article aims to compare the agendas of the governors of Pará from Ana Júlia’s first term to Helder Barbalho’s first term. The research is guided by the question: What are the agendas of the Pará governments in state legislative production? To answer this question, the study analyzes legislative measures initiated by the governors, including Ordinary Bills (PL), Complementary Bills (PLP), and Constitutional Amendment Proposals (PEC). The research adopts an exploratory and descriptive approach based on data from the Laboratory of Geopolitical Studies of Legal Amazon (LEGAL). The findings suggest that despite party composition, elected governors exhibit significant variations in their legislative agendas. Furthermore, all the administrations studied have a success rate exceeding 70%, positioning them as strong players in the state legislative process.

The COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures by local governments: analysis of the municipality of Campo Belo – MG

2024-09-05T16:55:23+00:00

The article analyzes measures to combat COVID-19 in the city of Campo Belo, a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the first year of the pandemic. The various municipal decrees published in the period on the topic are considered. The objective of the article is to map and analyze the main actions adopted by the municipality, considering the fact that there was no federal coordination to combat the pandemic. It was sought to verify whether there are links between the quantity and type of decrees published with epidemiological data. In this way, two hypotheses are put forward. The first hypothesis is that decrees aimed at containing the disease are prominent at times when the number of cases, deaths and hospitalizations increase. The other hypothesis is that measures related to economic activities are more present in times of stability and low numbers of cases and deaths from the disease. The work uses the typology of classification of decrees proposed by Rocha and collaborators (2020). Using descriptive statistics of the decrees and the epidemiological situation of the municipality, we concluded that “Health” and “Containment, mitigation and suppression” measures are more present at times of high numbers of cases, deaths and hospitalizations. “Economic Compensation” measures would be observed in times of downturn.

He Repression in democracy : a conceptual proposal in light of subnational politics

2024-07-25T19:56:32+00:00

This work seeks to contribute to the study of repression from a subnational logic. Much of the literature on repression focused on the national level. At the same time, on many occasions, academic works use the concept of repression in a generic way without specifying its particularities. In this sense, the present research makes this analytical category more complex and proposes a conceptual distinction. It classifies repression into two, based on a study done by Mauricio Rivera: centralized subnational repression and decentralized subnational repression. The difference between these types of repression lies in the role of the governor in the repressive exercise. That is why the main approaches that explain the causes of repression are presented, highlighting the theoretical gap that exists regarding the importance of the governor in the decision to repress. To apply the proposed conceptual framework, illustrative cases corresponding to two Argentine provinces are used: Formosa and Autonomous City of Buenos. The selection of both jurisdictions is due to the fact that they have totally different economic, political and geographical characteristics, which allows, on the one hand, to test the explanations developed by the literature and, on the other hand, to identify the two types of repression.

Contested subnational re-elections drive: an analyses of the Argentine case (2013-2023)

2024-07-02T10:20:51+00:00

The aim is to describe and comparatively analyze the processes of disqualification of unconstitutional candidacies of incumbent governors seeking re-election in Argentine provinces (period 2013-2023). After the reform of the National Constitution of 1994 five cases are addressed: Santiago del Estero, 2013; Río Negro and La Rioja, 2019; and San Juan and Tucumán, 2023. Two waves of re-election are detected in the 2019 and 2023 electoral cycles and a line of jurisprudence upheld by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation regarding the limits of reelection and its role as constitutional comptroller. The subnational comparative method along with the main dimensions identified by the literature on subnational authoritarianisms and their possibilities for change are used for the analyses. This article addresses an object sparsely studied by the political science literature and contributes to the knowledge of the Argentine case on the territorialization and multiscalarity of unconstitutional reelection processes and their accountability.

State Legislators’ Ambitious:

2024-08-27T23:52:47+00:00

The political career of federal deputies is marked by intense movements across municipal, state, and federal territorial levels, with high legislative turnover. Given that the state level is a strategic sphere to learn about political circulation, are the state legislators pursuing careers within the legislature or are they trying to move further on? What are their career prospects? This study aims to investigate the career after state legislature of 1.152 state parliamentarians from seven states. The empirical research adopted a career approach, which consists of seeking career patterns through analysis of all offices held in each individual trajectory. The findings suggest that a mandate in the state assembly is a stepping stone to other political positions. Differences in trajectories are found across states, clarifying that state arenas matter to political trajectories since subnational units offer different structures of opportunities. The majority of politicians had ambitions for federal posts, with the exception of São Paulo with local ambitions, Santa Catarina with state ambitions and Goiás with both local and federal ambitions. This study exposes the main routes to state and federal offices and promotes better comprehension of the complex Brazilian career pattern.

The Brazilian presidential elections of 2018 and 2022 in Rondônia:

2024-10-17T13:21:05+00:00

The text analyzes the presidential elections of 2018 and 2022 in Rondônia. This was the only state where Bolsonaro emerged victorious in all municipalities, in each round of both elections. After a contextualization of the Brazilian politics and the Rondonian party subsystem, the study presents a mapping of Bolsonaro's votes in the state, with data by electoral precinct in the 52 municipalities of Rondonia. In 40% of the cities, Bolsonaro won in literally every electoral section, in all four rounds contested. In only 20 municipalities did defeat occur in some electoral section in the four rounds. And in only 2 municipalities (Costa Marques and Parecis) are there defeats in all four rounds registering above 10% of the municipality's ballot precincts. Bolsonaro's worst defeat does not reach 30% of the electoral precinct, recorded in the 1st round of 2018. The data also show a temporal advancement of Bolsonarism, with better performance in 2022 than in 2018. The research contributes to understanding the advancement of a radicalized right in the state and provides empirical subsidies to a research agenda in the field of political science at the subnational level.

Análisis de la fisionomía espacial del electorado de Francia Márquez en las consultas del Pacto Histórico, Colombia 2022

2024-07-02T10:05:53+00:00

El presente rebajo analiza la fisionomía territorial del voto de Francia Márquez en la consulta celebrada por el Pacto Histórico para seleccionar su candidato presidencial. A través de modelos estadísticos globales y espaciales se analiza el efecto de variables asociadas al nivel de desarrollo de los distintos territorios y a las dinámicas identitarias asociadas a minorías étnicas y de grupos subrepresentados.

Desde este punto de vista, se contrastan premisas teóricas consolidadas con la estrategia de campaña de una candidata que puede ser considerada una outsider. En este sentido, puede destacarse que el resultado extraordinario obtenido por la candidata representa una compleja combinación de ambas de asociadas a dinámicas espaciales singulares.

Dossiê Política Subnacional na América Latina:

2025-03-28T19:56:31+00:00

The proposal for this Dossier took shape at the last meeting, with the idea of publishing a special issue on Subnational Politics in Latin America, with invited colleagues, but also open to the entire community with productions that fit the theme. The journal Teoría e Cultura of UFJF accepted the appeal, kindly offering the space for its implementation. In the end, we had 12 validated articles. They are texts with diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives, covering topics such as electoral processes, political representation, state capacities, government actions, systems and policies within the subnational judiciary, among others.

Nota Editorial

2025-03-25T17:46:10+00:00

editorial note